scepticism Who acts: Doubt, habit, good evidence, we, good scientist, She · What happens: be, work, not believe, not be, meet, use · To what, where: things, idea, claim, scepticism, evidence, advert
«scepticism» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: scepticism in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Doubt about whether something is true or will work.
nsubj case mark nmod cop cc aux conj punct root Doubt NOUN about ADP whether SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ or CCONJ will AUX work VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Doubt doubt NOUN Number=Sing 6 true nsubj 2 about about ADP _ 4 something case 3 whether whether SCONJ _ 4 something mark 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Doubt nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 true cop 6 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 work cc 8 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 work aux 9 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 true conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Doubt about something true property tree rules 2 work future Doubt about something not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The habit of not believing things until there is good evidence.
det mark advmod acl obj mark expl ccomp amod nsubj punct root The DET habit NOUN of SCONJ not PART believing VERB things NOUN until SCONJ there PRON is VERB good ADJ evidence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 habit det 2 habit habit NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of SCONJ _ 5 believing mark 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 believing advmod 5 believing believe VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 habit acl 6 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 5 believing obj 7 until until SCONJ _ 9 is mark 8 there there PRON PronType=Dem 9 is expl 9 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 believing ccomp 10 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 11 evidence amod 11 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 9 is nsubj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 habit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not believe gerund the habit not said here things tree rules 2 be present good evidence there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: philosophy — kept apart, not parsed.
The idea that we cannot be sure of some or any knowledge.
det mark nsubj aux advmod cop acl case ccomp cc det conj punct root The DET idea NOUN that SCONJ we PRON can AUX not PART be AUX sure ADJ of ADP some DET or CCONJ any DET knowledge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 idea det 2 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 that that SCONJ _ 8 sure mark 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 sure nsubj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 sure aux 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 sure advmod 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 sure cop 8 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 2 idea acl 9 of of ADP _ 10 some case 10 some some DET PronType=Ind 8 sure ccomp 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 knowledge cc 12 any any DET PronType=Ind 13 knowledge det 13 knowledge knowledge NOUN Number=Sing 10 some conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 idea punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is can we the idea not said here sure property tree rules
Example 1 The claim was met with scepticism.
det nsubj aux:pass case obl punct root The DET claim NOUN was AUX met VERB with ADP scepticism NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 claim det 2 claim claim NOUN Number=Sing 4 met nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 met aux:pass 4 met meet VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 scepticism case 6 scepticism scepticism NOUN Number=Sing 4 met obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 met punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 meet past · passive the claim with scepticism vn satisfy-55.7 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme with scepticism=Instrument
Example 2 A good scientist uses scepticism and checks the evidence.
det amod nsubj obj cc conj det obj punct root A DET good ADJ scientist NOUN uses VERB scepticism NOUN and CCONJ checks VERB the DET evidence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 scientist det 2 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 3 scientist amod 3 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 4 uses nsubj 4 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 scepticism scepticism NOUN Number=Sing 4 uses obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 checks cc 7 checks check VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 uses conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 evidence det 9 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 7 checks obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present a good scientist scepticism vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scepticism=Patient 2 check present a good scientist not said here the evidence vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Theme
Example 3 She viewed the advert with scepticism.
nsubj det obj case nmod punct root She PRON viewed VERB the DET advert NOUN with ADP scepticism NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 viewed nsubj 2 viewed view VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 advert det 4 advert advert NOUN Number=Sing 2 viewed obj 5 with with ADP _ 6 scepticism case 6 scepticism scepticism NOUN Number=Sing 4 advert nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 viewed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 view past She the advert with scepticism vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer advert=Stimulus
Example 4 Healthy scepticism helps you spot fake news.
amod nsubj obj xcomp amod obj punct root Healthy ADJ scepticism NOUN helps VERB you PRON spot VERB fake ADJ news NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Healthy healthy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 scepticism amod 2 scepticism scepticism NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps nsubj 3 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 helps obj 5 spot spot VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 helps xcomp 6 fake fake ADJ Degree=Pos 7 news amod 7 news news NOUN Number=Sing 5 spot obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Healthy scepticism you vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 spot infinitive you not said here fake news vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme news=Destination
Example 5 His scepticism about ghosts disappeared when the door creaked.
nmod:poss nsubj case nmod advmod det nsubj advcl punct root His PRON scepticism NOUN about ADP ghosts NOUN disappeared VERB when ADV the DET door NOUN creaked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 scepticism nmod:poss 2 scepticism scepticism NOUN Number=Sing 5 disappeared nsubj 3 about about ADP _ 4 ghosts case 4 ghosts ghost NOUN Number=Plur 2 scepticism nmod 5 disappeared disappear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 creaked advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 door det 8 door door NOUN Number=Sing 9 creaked nsubj 9 creaked creak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 disappeared advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 disappeared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disappear past His scepticism about ghosts vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 creak past the door vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Philosophers argue about scepticism and what we can really know.
nsubj case obl cc obj nsubj aux advmod conj punct root Philosophers NOUN argue VERB about ADP scepticism NOUN and CCONJ what PRON we PRON can AUX really ADV know VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Philosophers philosopher NOUN Number=Plur 2 argue nsubj 2 argue argue VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 about about ADP _ 4 scepticism case 4 scepticism scepticism NOUN Number=Sing 2 argue obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 10 know cc 6 what what PRON PronType=Int 10 know obj 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 know nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 know aux 9 really really ADV _ 10 know advmod 10 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 argue conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 argue punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 argue speech: disagree present Philosophers about scepticism vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about scepticism=Topic 2 know can we vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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