scientist Who acts: person, things, scientist, Marie, famous scientist, she · What happens: study, ask, make, do, use, find out · To what, where: natural world, questions, careful observations, experiments, evidence, world · Speech: someone speaks here
«scientist» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: scientist in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A person who studies the natural world by asking questions, making careful observations and doing experiments, and who uses evidence to find out how things work.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj nsubj det amod obj mark advcl obj punct conj amod obj cc conj obj punct cc nsubj conj obj mark advcl compound:prt advmod nsubj ccomp punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON studies VERB the DET natural ADJ world NOUN by SCONJ asking VERB questions NOUN , PUNCT making VERB careful ADJ observations NOUN and CCONJ doing VERB experiments NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ who PRON uses VERB evidence NOUN to PART find VERB out ADP how ADV things NOUN work VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 studies nsubj 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 studies nsubj 4 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 world det 6 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 7 world amod 7 world world NOUN Number=Sing 4 studies obj 8 by by SCONJ _ 9 asking mark 9 asking ask VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 studies advcl 10 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 9 asking obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 making punct 12 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 asking conj 13 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 14 observations amod 14 observations observation NOUN Number=Plur 12 making obj 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 doing cc 16 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 making conj 17 experiments experiment NOUN Number=Plur 16 doing obj 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 uses punct 19 and and CCONJ _ 21 uses cc 20 who who PRON PronType=Rel 21 uses nsubj 21 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 studies conj 22 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 21 uses obj 23 to to PART _ 24 find mark 24 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 21 uses advcl 25 out out ADP _ 24 find compound:prt 26 how how ADV PronType=Int 28 work advmod 27 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 28 work nsubj 28 work work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 find ccomp 29 . . PUNCT _ 4 studies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present a person the natural world vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent world=Topic 2 ask speech: ask gerund a person not said here questions vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient 3 make gerund a person not said here careful observations vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset observation=Product 4 do gerund a person not said here experiments vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experiment=Eventuality 5 use present evidence vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Patient 6 find out to-infinitive vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 7 work present things vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A scientist studies the world by doing experiments.
det nsubj det obj mark advcl obj punct root A DET scientist NOUN studies VERB the DET world NOUN by SCONJ doing VERB experiments NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 scientist det 2 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 3 studies nsubj 3 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 world det 5 world world NOUN Number=Sing 3 studies obj 6 by by SCONJ _ 7 doing mark 7 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 studies advcl 8 experiments experiment NOUN Number=Plur 7 doing obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 studies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present a scientist the world vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent world=Topic 2 do gerund a scientist not said here experiments vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experiment=Eventuality
Example 2 Marie Curie was a famous scientist who studied radioactivity.
nsubj flat cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root Marie PROPN Curie PROPN was AUX a DET famous ADJ scientist NOUN who PRON studied VERB radioactivity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Marie Marie PROPN Number=Sing 6 scientist nsubj 2 Curie Curie PROPN Number=Sing 1 Marie flat 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 scientist cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 scientist det 5 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 6 scientist amod 6 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 studied nsubj 8 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 scientist acl:relcl 9 radioactivity radioactivity NOUN Number=Sing 8 studied obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 scientist punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Marie a famous scientist tree rules 2 study past a famous scientist radioactivity vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radioactivity=Topic
Example 3 When she grows up, she wants to be a scientist.
advmod nsubj advcl compound:prt punct nsubj mark cop det xcomp punct root When ADV she PRON grows VERB up ADP , PUNCT she PRON wants VERB to PART be AUX a DET scientist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 3 grows advmod 2 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 grows nsubj 3 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 wants advcl 4 up up ADP _ 3 grows compound:prt 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 grows punct 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 wants nsubj 7 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 11 scientist mark 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 scientist cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 scientist det 11 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 7 wants xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 wants punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow up present she vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 want present she vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 3 is a not said to happen to-infinitive she not said here a scientist tree rules
Example 4 Scientists use evidence, not guesses.
nsubj obj punct advmod conj punct root Scientists NOUN use VERB evidence NOUN , PUNCT not PART guesses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 guesses punct 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 guesses advmod 6 guesses guess NOUN Number=Plur 3 evidence conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Scientists evidence and guesses vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Patient
Example 5 Today we will work like scientists and test our predictions.
obl:unmarked nsubj aux case obl cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root Today NOUN we PRON will AUX work VERB like ADP scientists NOUN and CCONJ test VERB our PRON predictions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Today today NOUN Number=Sing 4 work obl:unmarked 2 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 work nsubj 3 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 work aux 4 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 like like ADP _ 6 scientists case 6 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 4 work obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 test cc 8 test test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 work conj 9 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 predictions nmod:poss 10 predictions prediction NOUN Number=Plur 8 test obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work future we today like scientists vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 test present we not said here our predictions vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prediction=Theme 3 predict our nom prediction «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Scientists found a new kind of frog in the rainforest.
nsubj det amod obj case nmod case det nmod punct root Scientists NOUN found VERB a DET new ADJ kind NOUN of ADP frog NOUN in ADP the DET rainforest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kind det 4 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 5 kind amod 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 frog case 7 frog frog NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 8 in in ADP _ 10 rainforest case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 rainforest det 10 rainforest rainforest NOUN Number=Sing 7 frog nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past Scientists a new kind of frog in the rainforest vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Topic
Example 7 A scientist records her results carefully.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj advmod punct root A DET scientist NOUN records VERB her PRON results NOUN carefully ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 scientist det 2 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 3 records nsubj 3 records record VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 results nmod:poss 5 results result NOUN Number=Plur 3 records obj 6 carefully carefully ADV _ 3 records advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 records punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 record present a scientist scientist's results carefully property vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent result=Theme 2 result scientist nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Good scientists repeat their experiments to check them.
amod nsubj nmod:poss obj mark advcl obj punct root Good ADJ scientists NOUN repeat VERB their PRON experiments NOUN to PART check VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Good good ADJ Degree=Pos 2 scientists amod 2 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 repeat nsubj 3 repeat repeat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 experiments nmod:poss 5 experiments experiment NOUN Number=Plur 3 repeat obj 6 to to PART _ 7 check mark 7 check check VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 repeat advcl 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 check obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 repeat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 repeat present Good scientists scientists's experiments vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experiment=Eventuality 2 check to-infinitive Good scientists not said here experiments = experiment vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme 3 experiment scientists = scientist nom experiment «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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