scratch Who acts: skin, scratch, you, your, cat, We · What happens: scratch, be, itch, cut, mean, make · To what, where: surface, thin mark, beginning, it, mosquito bite, arm · Speech: someone speaks here
«scratch» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: scratch in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To scratch is to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it itches.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct advmod mark nsubj parataxis punct root To PART scratch VERB is AUX to PART rub VERB your PRON skin NOUN with ADP your PRON nails NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV because SCONJ it PRON itches VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 scratch mark 2 scratch scratch VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 rub csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 rub cop 4 to to PART _ 5 rub mark 5 rub rub VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 skin nmod:poss 7 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 5 rub obj 8 with with ADP _ 10 nails case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 nails nmod:poss 10 nails nail NOUN Number=Plur 5 rub obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 itches punct 12 usually usually ADV _ 15 itches advmod 13 because because SCONJ _ 15 itches mark 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 itches nsubj 15 itches itch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 rub parataxis 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 rub punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scratch to-infinitive vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present with your nails; rub property tree rules 3 itch present skin usually property vn pain-40.8.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To scratch is to make a mark or cut on a surface with something sharp or rough.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj cop mark det obj cc conj case det obl case nmod amod cc conj punct root To PART scratch VERB is AUX to PART make VERB a DET mark NOUN or CCONJ cut VERB on ADP a DET surface NOUN with ADP something PRON sharp ADJ or CCONJ rough ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 scratch mark 2 scratch scratch VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make cop 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 mark det 7 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 cut cc 9 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 mark conj 10 on on ADP _ 12 surface case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 surface det 12 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 9 cut obl 13 with with ADP _ 14 something case 14 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 surface nmod 15 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 14 something amod 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 rough cc 17 rough rough ADJ Degree=Pos 15 sharp conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scratch to-infinitive vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present make property tree rules 3 cut participle a surface with something vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 A scratch is a thin mark or small cut.
det nsubj cop det amod cc amod conj punct root A DET scratch NOUN is AUX a DET thin ADJ mark NOUN or CCONJ small ADJ cut NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 scratch det 2 scratch scratch NOUN Number=Sing 6 mark nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 mark cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 mark det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 6 mark amod 6 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 cut cc 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 cut amod 9 cut cut NOUN Number=Sing 6 mark conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 mark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a scratch a thin mark or small cut tree rules
Meaning 4 «From scratch» means from the very beginning, with nothing ready-made.
The tree, 11 words punct case nsubj punct case det advmod obl punct case parataxis compound punct acl punct root « PUNCT From ADP scratch NOUN » PUNCT means VERB from ADP the DET very ADV beginning NOUN , PUNCT with ADP nothing PRON ready ADJ - PUNCT made VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 scratch punct 2 From from ADP _ 3 scratch case 3 scratch scratch NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 scratch punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 from from ADP _ 9 beginning case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 beginning det 8 very very ADV _ 9 beginning advmod 9 beginning beginning NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 nothing punct 11 with with ADP _ 12 nothing case 12 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 5 means parataxis 13 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos 15 made compound 14 - - PUNCT _ 13 ready punct 15 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 nothing acl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present scratch from the beginning vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 make participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Meaning 5 To scratch out means to cross out or rub out writing so that it can no longer be read.
The tree, 19 words mark nsubj compound:prt mark ccomp compound:prt cc conj compound:prt xcomp mark fixed nsubj:pass aux advmod advmod aux:pass advcl punct root To PART scratch VERB out ADP means VERB to PART cross VERB out ADP or CCONJ rub VERB out ADP writing VERB so SCONJ that SCONJ it PRON can AUX no ADV longer ADV be AUX read VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 scratch mark 2 scratch scratch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 means nsubj 3 out out ADP _ 2 scratch compound:prt 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 cross mark 6 cross cross VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 7 out out ADP _ 6 cross compound:prt 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 rub cc 9 rub rub VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 cross conj 10 out out ADP _ 9 rub compound:prt 11 writing write VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 rub xcomp 12 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 19 read mark 13 that that SCONJ _ 12 so fixed 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 read nsubj:pass 15 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 19 read aux 16 no no ADV _ 17 longer advmod 17 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 19 read advmod 18 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 19 read aux:pass 19 read read VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 writing advcl 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scratch out to-infinitive vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 cross out not said to happen to-infinitive vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 rub out infinitive tree rules 5 write gerund vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 6 read can · passive it long property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
Example 1 Don't scratch your mosquito bite.
aux advmod nmod:poss compound obj punct root Do AUX n't PART scratch VERB your PRON mosquito NOUN bite NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 scratch aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 scratch advmod 3 scratch scratch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 bite nmod:poss 5 mosquito mosquito NOUN Number=Sing 6 bite compound 6 bite bite NOUN Number=Sing 3 scratch obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 scratch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not scratch imperative · do-support you not said here your mosquito bite vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bite=Theme 2 bite your nom bite «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 The cat scratched my arm.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET cat NOUN scratched VERB my PRON arm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 scratched nsubj 3 scratched scratch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 arm nmod:poss 5 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 3 scratched obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 scratched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scratch past the cat my arm vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme
Example 3 There's a scratch on the car door.
expl det nsubj case det compound obl punct root There PRON 's VERB a DET scratch NOUN on ADP the DET car NOUN door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 's expl 2 's be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 scratch det 4 scratch scratch NOUN Number=Sing 2 's nsubj 5 on on ADP _ 8 door case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 door det 7 car car NOUN Number=Sing 8 door compound 8 door door NOUN Number=Sing 2 's obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 's punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a scratch the car door; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on door=Location
Example 4 Clean the scratch and put on a plaster.
det obj cc conj case det obl punct root Clean VERB the DET scratch NOUN and CCONJ put VERB on ADP a DET plaster NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clean clean VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 scratch det 3 scratch scratch NOUN Number=Sing 1 Clean obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 put cc 5 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Clean conj 6 on on ADP _ 8 plaster case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 plaster det 8 plaster plaster NOUN Number=Sing 5 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Clean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clean imperative you not said here the scratch vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent scratch=Patient 2 put participle you not said here a plaster vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on plaster=Destination
Example 5 We made the cake from scratch.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root We PRON made VERB the DET cake NOUN from ADP scratch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cake det 4 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 from from ADP _ 6 scratch case 6 scratch scratch NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We the cake scratch vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent cake=Product from scratch=Material
Example 6 He scratched his head, puzzled.
nsubj nmod:poss obj punct conj punct root He PRON scratched VERB his PRON head NOUN , PUNCT puzzled VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 scratched nsubj 2 scratched scratch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 head nmod:poss 4 head head NOUN Number=Sing 2 scratched obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 puzzled punct 6 puzzled puzzle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 scratched conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 scratched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scratch past He his head vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme 2 puzzle participle He not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 7 My homework wasn't up to scratch.
nmod:poss nsubj cop advmod mark advcl punct root My PRON homework NOUN was AUX n't PART up ADV to PART scratch VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 homework nmod:poss 2 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 5 up nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 up cop 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 up advmod 5 up up ADV _ root root 6 to to PART _ 7 scratch mark 7 scratch scratch VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 up advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 up punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is past My homework up property tree rules 2 scratch to-infinitive My homework not said here vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Don't scratch the table with your fork.
aux advmod det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Do AUX n't PART scratch VERB the DET table NOUN with ADP your PRON fork NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 scratch aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 scratch advmod 3 scratch scratch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 table det 5 table table NOUN Number=Sing 3 scratch obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 fork case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 fork nmod:poss 8 fork fork NOUN Number=Sing 3 scratch obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 scratch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not scratch imperative · do-support you not said here the table with your fork vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Patient with fork=Instrument
Example 9 "You must be scratched out, then," said Ole-Luk-Oie.
The tree, 10 words punct nsubj aux aux:pass ccomp compound:prt punct advmod punct punct nsubj punct conj punct conj punct root " PUNCT You PRON must AUX be AUX scratched VERB out ADP , PUNCT then ADV , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB Ole PROPN - PUNCT Luk PROPN - PUNCT Oie PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 scratched punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 scratched nsubj 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 scratched aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 scratched aux:pass 5 scratched scratch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 said ccomp 6 out out ADP _ 5 scratched compound:prt 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 then punct 8 then then ADV PronType=Dem 5 scratched advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 5 scratched punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 5 scratched punct 11 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 Ole Ole PROPN Number=Sing 11 said nsubj 13 - - PUNCT _ 14 Luk punct 14 Luk Luk PROPN Number=Sing 12 Ole conj 15 - - PUNCT _ 16 Oie punct 16 Oie Oie PROPN Number=Sing 12 Ole conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 11 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scratch out in a quote must · passive You then vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 say speech: assert past Ole and Luk and Oie vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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