serenade Who acts: serenade, someone, bird, lover, winged songster, boy · What happens: be, sing, love, play, serenade, wing · To what, where: song, window, music, them, way, flowers
«serenade» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: serenade in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A serenade is a song sung softly at night, often under a loved one's window.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det acl advmod case obl punct advmod case det amod nmod:poss case nmod punct root A DET serenade NOUN is AUX a DET song NOUN sung VERB softly ADV at ADP night NOUN , PUNCT often ADV under ADP a DET loved VERB one NOUN 's PART window NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 serenade det 2 serenade serenade NOUN Number=Sing 5 song nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 song cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 song det 5 song song NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 sung sing VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 song acl 7 softly softly ADV _ 6 sung advmod 8 at at ADP _ 9 night case 9 night night NOUN Number=Sing 6 sung obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 17 window punct 11 often often ADV _ 17 window advmod 12 under under ADP _ 17 window case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 one det 14 loved love VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 one amod 15 one one NOUN Number=Sing 17 window nmod:poss 16 's 's PART _ 15 one case 17 window window NOUN Number=Sing 5 song nmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 song punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a serenade a song a loved one's window tree rules 2 sing speech: express participle a song not said here night softly property vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 love participle vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To serenade someone is to sing or play music to them in this way.
The tree, 14 words mark compound nsubj cop mark cc conj obj case obl case det obl punct root To PART serenade NOUN someone PRON is AUX to PART sing VERB or CCONJ play VERB music NOUN to ADP them PRON in ADP this DET way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 serenade mark 2 serenade serenade NOUN Number=Sing 3 someone compound 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 sing nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sing cop 5 to to PART _ 6 sing mark 6 sing sing VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 play cc 8 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 sing conj 9 music music NOUN Number=Sing 8 play obj 10 to to ADP _ 11 them case 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 play obl 12 in in ADP _ 14 way case 13 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 14 way det 14 way way NOUN Number=Sing 8 play obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 sing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present someone sing property tree rules 2 play infinitive someone not said here music them = they this way vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent music=Theme
Meaning 3 In a tale, a bird that sings sweetly to flowers.
case det punct det appos nsubj acl:relcl advmod case obl punct root In ADP a DET tale NOUN , PUNCT a DET bird NOUN that PRON sings VERB sweetly ADV to ADP flowers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 tale case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 tale det 3 tale tale NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 bird punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bird det 6 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 3 tale appos 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 sings nsubj 8 sings sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bird acl:relcl 9 sweetly sweetly ADV _ 8 sings advmod 10 to to ADP _ 11 flowers case 11 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 8 sings obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 tale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express present a bird flowers sweetly property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to flower=Recipient
Example 1 The lover serenaded her under the moon.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET lover NOUN serenaded VERB her PRON under ADP the DET moon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lover det 2 lover lover NOUN Number=Sing 3 serenaded nsubj 3 serenaded serenade VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 serenaded obj 5 under under ADP _ 7 moon case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 moon det 7 moon moon NOUN Number=Sing 3 serenaded obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 serenaded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 serenade past the lover her = she the moon tree rules
Example 2 The winged songster serenades the fragrant flowers.
det amod nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET winged VERB songster NOUN serenades VERB the DET fragrant ADJ flowers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 songster det 2 winged wing VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 songster amod 3 songster songster NOUN Number=Sing 4 serenades nsubj 4 serenades serenade VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 flowers det 6 fragrant fragrant ADJ Degree=Pos 7 flowers amod 7 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 4 serenades obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 serenades punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wing participle vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent 2 serenade present the winged songster the fragrant flowers tree rules
Example 3 Every night the boy serenaded his lady with his guitar.
det obl:unmarked det nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Every DET night NOUN the DET boy NOUN serenaded VERB his PRON lady NOUN with ADP his PRON guitar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 2 night det 2 night night NOUN Number=Sing 5 serenaded obl:unmarked 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 boy det 4 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 5 serenaded nsubj 5 serenaded serenade VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 lady nmod:poss 7 lady lady NOUN Number=Sing 5 serenaded obj 8 with with ADP _ 10 guitar case 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 guitar nmod:poss 10 guitar guitar NOUN Number=Sing 5 serenaded obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 serenaded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 serenade past the boy boy's lady night with boy's guitar tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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