shanghai Who acts: Shanghai, they, it, cousin, Shanghai Tower, Lots · What happens: be, shanghai, force, do, not want, mean · To what, where: huge city, east coast, someone, them, something, sailors · Speech: someone speaks here
«shanghai» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shanghai in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Shanghai is a huge city on the east coast of China, one of the biggest cities in the world, with a famous river front and tall towers.
The tree, 27 words nsubj cop det amod case det amod nmod case nmod punct conj case det amod nmod case det nmod punct case det amod compound nmod cc amod conj punct root Shanghai PROPN is AUX a DET huge ADJ city NOUN on ADP the DET east ADJ coast NOUN of ADP China PROPN , PUNCT one NUM of ADP the DET biggest ADJ cities NOUN in ADP the DET world NOUN , PUNCT with ADP a DET famous ADJ river NOUN front NOUN and CCONJ tall ADJ towers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shanghai Shanghai PROPN Number=Sing 5 city nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 city cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 city det 4 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 5 city amod 5 city city NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 on on ADP _ 9 coast case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 coast det 8 east east ADJ Degree=Pos 9 coast amod 9 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 5 city nmod 10 of of ADP _ 11 China case 11 China China PROPN Number=Sing 9 coast nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 one punct 13 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 city conj 14 of of ADP _ 17 cities case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 cities det 16 biggest big ADJ Degree=Sup 17 cities amod 17 cities city NOUN Number=Plur 13 one nmod 18 in in ADP _ 20 world case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 world det 20 world world NOUN Number=Sing 17 cities nmod 21 , , PUNCT _ 26 front punct 22 with with ADP _ 26 front case 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 front det 24 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 26 front amod 25 river river NOUN Number=Sing 26 front compound 26 front front NOUN Number=Sing 17 cities nmod 27 and and CCONJ _ 29 towers cc 28 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 29 towers amod 29 towers tower NOUN Number=Plur 26 front conj 30 . . PUNCT _ 5 city punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Shanghai a huge city the east coast of China tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: old, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To shanghai someone is to trick or force them into doing something they did not want to do; long ago it meant kidnapping sailors to work on ships.
The tree, 28 words mark advcl obj cop mark cc conj obj mark advcl obj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl mark xcomp punct advmod advmod nsubj parataxis xcomp obj mark advcl case obl punct root To PART shanghai VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART trick VERB or CCONJ force VERB them PRON into SCONJ doing VERB something PRON they PRON did AUX not PART want VERB to PART do VERB ; PUNCT long ADV ago ADV it PRON meant VERB kidnapping VERB sailors NOUN to PART work VERB on ADP ships NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 shanghai mark 2 shanghai shanghai VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 trick advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 shanghai obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 trick cop 5 to to PART _ 6 trick mark 6 trick trick VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 force cc 8 force force VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 trick conj 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 force obj 10 into into SCONJ _ 11 doing mark 11 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 force advcl 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 doing obj 13 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 want nsubj 14 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 want aux 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 want advmod 16 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 something acl:relcl 17 to to PART _ 18 do mark 18 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 want xcomp 19 ; ; PUNCT _ 23 meant punct 20 long long ADV Degree=Pos 21 ago advmod 21 ago ago ADV _ 23 meant advmod 22 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 meant nsubj 23 meant mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 trick parataxis 24 kidnapping kidnap VERB VerbForm=Ger 23 meant xcomp 25 sailors sailor NOUN Number=Plur 24 kidnapping obj 26 to to PART _ 27 work mark 27 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 24 kidnapping advcl 28 on on ADP _ 29 ships case 29 ships ship NOUN Number=Plur 27 work obl 30 . . PUNCT _ 6 trick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shanghai to-infinitive someone vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 2 is present trick property tree rules 3 force infinitive them = they vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient 4 do gerund something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 5 not want past · do-support they vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 6 do not said to happen to-infinitive they not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 7 mean past it ago property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 8 kidnap not said to happen gerund sailors vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sailor=Theme 9 work to-infinitive on ships vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on ship=Theme
Example 1 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities on Earth.
nsubj cop case det amod nmod case nmod punct root Shanghai PROPN is AUX one NUM of ADP the DET biggest ADJ cities NOUN on ADP Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shanghai Shanghai PROPN Number=Sing 3 one nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 one cop 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 4 of of ADP _ 7 cities case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cities det 6 biggest big ADJ Degree=Sup 7 cities amod 7 cities city NOUN Number=Plur 3 one nmod 8 on on ADP _ 9 Earth case 9 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 7 cities nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Shanghai one of the biggest cities on Earth tree rules
Example 2 My cousin flew to Shanghai for work.
nmod:poss nsubj mark xcomp case obl punct root My PRON cousin NOUN flew VERB to PART Shanghai VERB for ADP work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 cousin nmod:poss 2 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew nsubj 3 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 Shanghai mark 5 Shanghai shanghai VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 flew xcomp 6 for for ADP _ 7 work case 7 work work NOUN Number=Sing 5 Shanghai obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past My cousin tree rules 2 shanghai to-infinitive My cousin not said here for work vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Shanghai has one of the busiest ports in the world.
nsubj obj case det amod nmod case det nmod punct root Shanghai PROPN has VERB one NUM of ADP the DET busiest ADJ ports NOUN in ADP the DET world NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shanghai Shanghai PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 has obj 4 of of ADP _ 7 ports case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ports det 6 busiest busy ADJ Degree=Sup 7 ports amod 7 ports port NOUN Number=Plur 3 one nmod 8 in in ADP _ 10 world case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 world det 10 world world NOUN Number=Sing 7 ports nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Shanghai one of the busiest ports in the world vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient
Example 4 The Shanghai Tower is very tall.
det compound nsubj cop advmod punct root The DET Shanghai PROPN Tower PROPN is AUX very ADV tall ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Tower det 2 Shanghai Shanghai PROPN Number=Sing 3 Tower compound 3 Tower Tower PROPN Number=Sing 6 tall nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tall cop 5 very very ADV _ 6 tall advmod 6 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 tall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the Shanghai Tower tall property tree rules
Example 5 In the old story, a sailor was shanghaied onto a ship.
case det amod obl punct det nsubj aux:pass case det obl punct root In ADP the DET old ADJ story NOUN , PUNCT a DET sailor NOUN was AUX shanghaied VERB onto ADP a DET ship NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 story det 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 story amod 4 story story NOUN Number=Sing 9 shanghaied obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 story punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sailor det 7 sailor sailor NOUN Number=Sing 9 shanghaied nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 shanghaied aux:pass 9 shanghaied shanghai VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 onto onto ADP _ 12 ship case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 ship det 12 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 9 shanghaied obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 shanghaied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shanghai past · passive a sailor the old story onto a ship vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 6 I was shanghaied into helping with the washing-up!
nsubj aux:pass mark advcl case det compound punct obl punct root I PRON was AUX shanghaied VERB into SCONJ helping VERB with ADP the DET washing NOUN - PUNCT up NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 shanghaied nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 shanghaied aux:pass 3 shanghaied shanghai VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 into into SCONJ _ 5 helping mark 5 helping help VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 shanghaied advcl 6 with with ADP _ 10 up case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 up det 8 washing washing NOUN Number=Sing 10 up compound 9 - - PUNCT _ 10 up punct 10 up up NOUN Number=Sing 5 helping obl 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 shanghaied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shanghai past · passive I vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 help gerund with the washing up vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with up=Theme
Example 7 Lots of people in Shanghai speak Shanghainese as well as Mandarin.
nsubj case nmod case nmod xcomp cc fixed fixed conj punct root Lots NOUN of ADP people NOUN in ADP Shanghai PROPN speak VERB Shanghainese ADJ as ADV well ADV as ADP Mandarin PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 6 speak nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 people case 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 1 Lots nmod 4 in in ADP _ 5 Shanghai case 5 Shanghai Shanghai PROPN Number=Sing 3 people nmod 6 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 Shanghainese shanghainese ADJ Degree=Pos 6 speak xcomp 8 as as ADV ExtPos=CCONJ 11 Mandarin cc 9 well well ADV Degree=Pos 8 as fixed 10 as as ADP _ 8 as fixed 11 Mandarin Mandarin PROPN Number=Sing 6 speak conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present Lots of people in Shanghai shanghainese property vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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