shang Who acts: Shàng, xué, Shànghǎi, city name, Shang, Shang dynasty · What happens: mean up, go up, go, shàng, sound, not be · To what, where: xué, school, English word, last, ge yuè, city name · Speech: someone speaks here
«shang» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shang in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: Mandarin, pinyin — kept apart, not parsed.
«Shàng» means «up», «on» or «above», and also «to go up» or «to go to», as in «shàng xué» (go to school); to an English ear it sounds like «shahng», and it is not an English word.
The tree, 37 words punct nsubj punct punct compound:prt punct punct punct conj punct cc punct conj punct punct cc advmod punct mark parataxis compound:prt punct cc punct mark conj obl punct punct mark mark punct advcl obj punct punct conj case obl punct punct case det amod obl nsubj parataxis case punct obl punct punct cc nsubj cop advmod det amod obl punct root « PUNCT Shàng PROPN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT up ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT on ADP » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT above ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT and CCONJ also ADV « PUNCT to PART go VERB up ADP » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT to PART go VERB to ADP » PUNCT , PUNCT as SCONJ in SCONJ « PUNCT shàng VERB xué NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT go VERB to ADP school NOUN ) PUNCT ; PUNCT to ADP an DET English ADJ ear NOUN it PRON sounds VERB like ADP « PUNCT shahng NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT and CCONJ it PRON is AUX not PART an DET English ADJ word NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Shàng punct 2 Shàng Shàng PROPN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Shàng punct 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 up punct 6 up up ADP _ 4 means compound:prt 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 up punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 on punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 on punct 10 on on ADP _ 4 means conj 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 on punct 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 above cc 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 above punct 14 above above ADP _ 10 on conj 15 » » PUNCT _ 10 on punct 16 , , PUNCT _ 21 go punct 17 and and CCONJ _ 21 go cc 18 also also ADV _ 21 go advmod 19 « « PUNCT _ 21 go punct 20 to to PART _ 21 go mark 21 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 means parataxis 22 up up ADP _ 21 go compound:prt 23 » » PUNCT _ 21 go punct 24 or or CCONJ _ 27 go cc 25 « « PUNCT _ 27 go punct 26 to to PART _ 27 go mark 27 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 21 go conj 28 to to ADP _ 27 go obl 29 » » PUNCT _ 21 go punct 30 , , PUNCT _ 34 shàng punct 31 as as SCONJ _ 34 shàng mark 32 in in SCONJ _ 34 shàng mark 33 « « PUNCT _ 34 shàng punct 34 shàng shàng VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 21 go advcl 35 xué xué NOUN Number=Sing 34 shàng obj 36 » » PUNCT _ 21 go punct 37 ( ( PUNCT _ 38 go punct 38 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 21 go conj 39 to to ADP _ 40 school case 40 school school NOUN Number=Sing 38 go obl 41 ) ) PUNCT _ 38 go punct 42 ; ; PUNCT _ 48 sounds punct 43 to to ADP _ 46 ear case 44 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 46 ear det 45 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 46 ear amod 46 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 48 sounds obl 47 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 48 sounds nsubj 48 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 means parataxis 49 like like ADP _ 51 shahng case 50 « « PUNCT _ 51 shahng punct 51 shahng shahng NOUN Number=Sing 48 sounds obl 52 » » PUNCT _ 51 shahng punct 53 , , PUNCT _ 60 word punct 54 and and CCONJ _ 60 word cc 55 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 60 word nsubj 56 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 60 word cop 57 not not PART Polarity=Neg 60 word advmod 58 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 60 word det 59 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 60 word amod 60 word word NOUN Number=Sing 48 sounds obl 61 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean up present Shàng vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 go up in a quote to-infinitive vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 3 go in a quote to-infinitive vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 shàng in a quote gerund xué tree rules 5 go infinitive school vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial_Location 6 sound present xué to a English ear; like shahng vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to ear=Experiencer 7 not is a present xué a English word tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: Mandarin — kept apart, not parsed.
«Shàng» can mean «last» or «previous», as in «shàng ge yuè» (last month), and «Shànghǎi» is the city name meaning «on the sea».
The tree, 23 words punct nsubj punct aux punct obj punct cc punct conj punct punct mark mark punct ccomp compound obj punct punct amod parataxis punct punct cc punct nsubj punct cop det compound parataxis acl punct case det obj punct punct root « PUNCT Shàng PROPN » PUNCT can AUX mean VERB « PUNCT last ADJ » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT previous ADJ » PUNCT , PUNCT as SCONJ in SCONJ « PUNCT shàng VERB ge NOUN yuè NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT last ADJ month NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT and CCONJ « PUNCT Shànghǎi PROPN » PUNCT is AUX the DET city NOUN name NOUN meaning VERB « PUNCT on ADP the DET sea NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Shàng punct 2 Shàng Shàng PROPN Number=Sing 5 mean nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Shàng punct 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 last punct 7 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 5 mean obj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 last punct 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 previous cc 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 previous punct 11 previous previous ADJ Degree=Pos 7 last conj 12 » » PUNCT _ 7 last punct 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 shàng punct 14 as as SCONJ _ 17 shàng mark 15 in in SCONJ _ 17 shàng mark 16 « « PUNCT _ 17 shàng punct 17 shàng shàng VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 mean ccomp 18 ge ge NOUN Number=Sing 19 yuè compound 19 yuè yuè NOUN Number=Sing 17 shàng obj 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 yuè punct 21 ( ( PUNCT _ 23 month punct 22 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 23 month amod 23 month month NOUN Number=Sing 17 shàng parataxis 24 ) ) PUNCT _ 23 month punct 25 , , PUNCT _ 33 name punct 26 and and CCONJ _ 33 name cc 27 « « PUNCT _ 28 Shànghǎi punct 28 Shànghǎi Shànghǎi PROPN Number=Sing 33 name nsubj 29 » » PUNCT _ 28 Shànghǎi punct 30 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 33 name cop 31 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 33 name det 32 city city NOUN Number=Sing 33 name compound 33 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean parataxis 34 meaning mean VERB VerbForm=Ger 33 name acl 35 « « PUNCT _ 38 sea punct 36 on on ADP _ 38 sea case 37 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 38 sea det 38 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 34 meaning obj 39 » » PUNCT _ 38 sea punct 40 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Shàng last tree rules 2 shàng in a quote gerund ge yuè tree rules 3 is a present Shànghǎi the city name tree rules 4 mean gerund the city name not said here the sea vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Topic
Meaning 3 Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.
The Shang was an early dynasty (ruling family) of ancient China, famous for bronze work and writing on oracle bones.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod appos punct case amod nmod punct amod case compound obl cc conj case compound nmod punct root The DET Shang PROPN was AUX an DET early ADJ dynasty NOUN ( PUNCT ruling VERB family NOUN ) PUNCT of ADP ancient ADJ China PROPN , PUNCT famous ADJ for ADP bronze NOUN work NOUN and CCONJ writing NOUN on ADP oracle NOUN bones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Shang det 2 Shang Shang PROPN Number=Sing 6 dynasty nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 dynasty cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 dynasty det 5 early early ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dynasty amod 6 dynasty dynasty NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ( ( PUNCT _ 9 family punct 8 ruling rule VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 family amod 9 family family NOUN Number=Sing 6 dynasty appos 10 ) ) PUNCT _ 9 family punct 11 of of ADP _ 13 China case 12 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 13 China amod 13 China China PROPN Number=Sing 9 family nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 famous punct 15 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dynasty amod 16 for for ADP _ 18 work case 17 bronze bronze NOUN Number=Sing 18 work compound 18 work work NOUN Number=Sing 15 famous obl 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 writing cc 20 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 18 work conj 21 on on ADP _ 23 bones case 22 oracle oracle NOUN Number=Sing 23 bones compound 23 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 20 writing nmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 6 dynasty punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the Shang a early dynasty tree rules 2 rule gerund vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Shang is also a Chinese surname and given name.
nsubj cop advmod det amod cc amod conj punct root Shang PROPN is AUX also ADV a DET Chinese ADJ surname NOUN and CCONJ given VERB name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shang Shang PROPN Number=Sing 6 surname nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 surname cop 3 also also ADV _ 6 surname advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 surname det 5 Chinese Chinese ADJ Degree=Pos 6 surname amod 6 surname surname NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 name cc 8 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 name amod 9 name name NOUN Number=Sing 6 surname conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 surname punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Shang a Chinese surname and given name tree rules 2 give participle vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 The Shang dynasty ruled part of ancient China.
det compound nsubj obj case amod nmod punct root The DET Shang PROPN dynasty NOUN ruled VERB part NOUN of ADP ancient ADJ China PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dynasty det 2 Shang Shang PROPN Number=Sing 3 dynasty compound 3 dynasty dynasty NOUN Number=Sing 4 ruled nsubj 4 ruled rule VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 part part NOUN Number=Sing 4 ruled obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 China case 7 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 8 China amod 8 China China PROPN Number=Sing 5 part nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 ruled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rule past the Shang dynasty part of ancient China vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme
Example 2 Shang kings asked questions by writing on oracle bones.
compound nsubj obj mark advcl case compound obl punct root Shang PROPN kings NOUN asked VERB questions NOUN by SCONJ writing VERB on ADP oracle NOUN bones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shang Shang PROPN Number=Sing 2 kings compound 2 kings king NOUN Number=Plur 3 asked nsubj 3 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 3 asked obj 5 by by SCONJ _ 6 writing mark 6 writing write VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 asked advcl 7 on on ADP _ 9 bones case 8 oracle oracle NOUN Number=Sing 9 bones compound 9 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 6 writing obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past Shang kings questions vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient 2 write gerund Shang kings not said here oracle bones vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on bone=Destination
Example 3 In Mandarin, «shàng» means up.
case obl punct punct nsubj punct compound:prt punct root In ADP Mandarin PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT shàng NOUN » PUNCT means VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Mandarin case 2 Mandarin Mandarin PROPN Number=Sing 7 means obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 shàng punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 shàng punct 5 shàng shàng NOUN Number=Sing 7 means nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 shàng punct 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 up up ADP _ 7 means compound:prt 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean up present shàng in Mandarin vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in mandarin=Attribute
Example 4 «Wǒ shàng xué» means «I go to school».
punct nsubj flat:foreign flat:foreign punct punct nsubj ccomp case obl punct punct root « PUNCT Wǒ X shàng X xué X » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT I PRON go VERB to ADP school NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Wǒ punct 2 Wǒ Wǒ X Foreign=Yes 6 means nsubj 3 shàng shàng X Foreign=Yes 2 Wǒ flat:foreign 4 xué xué X Foreign=Yes 2 Wǒ flat:foreign 5 » » PUNCT _ 2 Wǒ punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 « « PUNCT _ 9 go punct 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 go nsubj 9 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 means ccomp 10 to to ADP _ 11 school case 11 school school NOUN Number=Sing 9 go obl 12 » » PUNCT _ 9 go punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Wǒ vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 go in a quote present I school vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial_Location
Example 5 The city name Shanghai means «on the sea».
det compound nsubj appos punct case det obj punct punct root The DET city NOUN name NOUN Shanghai PROPN means VERB « PUNCT on ADP the DET sea NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 name det 2 city city NOUN Number=Sing 3 name compound 3 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 Shanghai Shanghai PROPN Number=Sing 3 name appos 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 9 sea punct 7 on on ADP _ 9 sea case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sea det 9 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 sea punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the city name the sea vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Topic
Example 6 Our museum has a bronze pot from the Shang period.
nmod:poss nsubj det compound obj case det compound nmod punct root Our PRON museum NOUN has VERB a DET bronze NOUN pot NOUN from ADP the DET Shang PROPN period NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 museum nmod:poss 2 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pot det 5 bronze bronze NOUN Number=Sing 6 pot compound 6 pot pot NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 from from ADP _ 10 period case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 period det 9 Shang Shang PROPN Number=Sing 10 period compound 10 period period NOUN Number=Sing 6 pot nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Our museum a bronze pot the Shang period vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pot=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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