shelf Who acts: shelf, cupboard, 5 shelves, many books, He, jam · What happens: be, put on, mean, put, not use, have · To what, where: flat board, wall, things, flat layer, shelf, 8 books
«shelf» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shelf in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A shelf is a flat board on a wall or in a cupboard for putting things on.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod cc case det conj mark acl obj compound:prt punct root A DET shelf NOUN is AUX a DET flat ADJ board NOUN on ADP a DET wall NOUN or CCONJ in ADP a DET cupboard NOUN for SCONJ putting VERB things NOUN on ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shelf det 2 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 6 board nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 board cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 board det 5 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 6 board amod 6 board board NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 on on ADP _ 9 wall case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 wall det 9 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 6 board nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 cupboard cc 11 in in ADP _ 13 cupboard case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 cupboard det 13 cupboard cupboard NOUN Number=Sing 6 board conj 14 for for SCONJ _ 15 putting mark 15 putting put VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 cupboard acl 16 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 15 putting obj 17 on on ADP _ 15 putting compound:prt 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 board punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shelf a flat board or a cupboard a wall tree rules 2 put on gerund a cupboard not said here things vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent thing=Goal
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A shelf is a flat layer of rock or ice, like an ice shelf.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod cc conj punct case det compound conj punct root A DET shelf NOUN is AUX a DET flat ADJ layer NOUN of ADP rock NOUN or CCONJ ice NOUN , PUNCT like ADP an DET ice NOUN shelf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shelf det 2 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 6 layer nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 layer cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 layer det 5 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 6 layer amod 6 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 rock case 8 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 6 layer nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 ice cc 10 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 8 rock conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 shelf punct 12 like like ADP _ 15 shelf case 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 shelf det 14 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 15 shelf compound 15 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 6 layer conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 layer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shelf a flat layer and a ice shelf of rock or ice tree rules
Meaning 3 «On the shelf» can mean put aside and not used.
punct case det obl punct aux xcomp advmod cc advmod conj punct root « PUNCT On ADP the DET shelf NOUN » PUNCT can AUX mean VERB put VERB aside ADV and CCONJ not PART used VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 7 mean punct 2 On on ADP _ 4 shelf case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 shelf det 4 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 7 mean obl 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 shelf punct 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 mean aux 7 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 put put VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 mean xcomp 9 aside aside ADV _ 8 put advmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 used cc 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 used advmod 12 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 put conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can the shelf vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 put not said to happen infinitive aside property vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent 3 not use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Each shelf has 8 books.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET shelf NOUN has VERB 8 NUM books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 shelf det 2 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 books nummod 5 books book NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each shelf 8 books vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient
Example 2 There are 5 shelves.
expl nummod nsubj punct root There PRON are VERB 5 NUM shelves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 shelves nummod 4 shelves shelf NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 5 shelves there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 How many books are on the shelves?
advmod amod nsubj cop case det punct root How ADV many ADJ books NOUN are AUX on ADP the DET shelves NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 books amod 3 books book NOUN Number=Plur 7 shelves nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 shelves cop 5 on on ADP _ 7 shelves case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 shelves det 7 shelves shelf NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 shelves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present many books the shelves tree rules
Example 4 He put 24 books on 4 shelves equally.
nsubj nummod obj case nummod obl advmod punct root He PRON put VERB 24 NUM books NOUN on ADP 4 NUM shelves NOUN equally ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 books nummod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 put obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 shelves case 6 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 shelves nummod 7 shelves shelf NOUN Number=Plur 2 put obl 8 equally equally ADV _ 2 put advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past He 24 books 4 shelves equally property vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme on shelf=Destination
Example 5 The jam is on the top shelf.
det nsubj cop case det amod punct root The DET jam NOUN is AUX on ADP the DET top ADJ shelf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 jam det 2 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 7 shelf nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 shelf cop 4 on on ADP _ 7 shelf case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 shelf det 6 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 7 shelf amod 7 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 shelf punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the jam the top shelf tree rules
Example 6 The library has shelves of picture books.
det nsubj obj case compound nmod punct root The DET library NOUN has VERB shelves NOUN of ADP picture NOUN books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 library det 2 library library NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 shelves shelf NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 books case 6 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 7 books compound 7 books book NOUN Number=Plur 4 shelves nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the library shelves of picture books vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelf=Patient
Example 7 Put the cups back on the shelf.
det obj advmod case det obl punct root Put VERB the DET cups NOUN back ADV on ADP the DET shelf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cups det 3 cups cup NOUN Number=Plur 1 Put obj 4 back back ADV _ 1 Put advmod 5 on on ADP _ 7 shelf case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 shelf det 7 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put back imperative you not said here the cups the shelf vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent cup=Theme on shelf=Destination
Example 8 The cans were stacked on the shelves of the shop.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET cans NOUN were AUX stacked VERB on ADP the DET shelves NOUN of ADP the DET shop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cans det 2 cans can NOUN Number=Plur 4 stacked nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stacked aux:pass 4 stacked stack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 shelves case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 shelves det 7 shelves shelf NOUN Number=Plur 4 stacked obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 shop case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 shop det 10 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 7 shelves nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 stacked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stack past · passive the cans the shelves of the shop vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on shelf=Destination
Example 9 Antarctica has huge ice shelves.
nsubj amod compound obj punct root Antarctica PROPN has VERB huge ADJ ice NOUN shelves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Antarctica Antarctica PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 5 shelves amod 4 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 5 shelves compound 5 shelves shelf NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Antarctica huge ice shelves vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelf=Patient
Example 10 She can't reach the top shelf without a step.
nsubj aux advmod det amod obj case det obl punct root She PRON ca AUX n't PART reach VERB the DET top ADJ shelf NOUN without ADP a DET step NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 reach nsubj 2 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 reach aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 reach advmod 4 reach reach VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 shelf det 6 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 7 shelf amod 7 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 4 reach obj 8 without without ADP _ 10 step case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 step det 10 step step NOUN Number=Sing 4 reach obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 reach punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not reach can She the top shelf without a step vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent shelf=Theme
Example 11 You will find an oil-can on a shelf in my cottage.”
The tree, 12 words nsubj aux det nsubj punct aux case det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct punct root You PRON will AUX find VERB an DET oil NOUN - PUNCT can AUX on ADP a DET shelf NOUN in ADP my PRON cottage NOUN . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 find nsubj 2 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 find aux 3 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 shelf det 5 oil oil NOUN Number=Sing 10 shelf nsubj 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 oil punct 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 shelf aux 8 on on ADP _ 10 shelf case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 shelf det 10 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 3 find obj 11 in in ADP _ 13 cottage case 12 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 cottage nmod:poss 13 cottage cottage NOUN Number=Sing 10 shelf nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 find punct 15 ” " PUNCT _ 3 find punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find future You a shelf my cottage vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelf=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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