shell Who acts: shell, people, Anna, Zoe, Tom, snail · What happens: be, find, have, lose, collect, carry · To what, where: hard outer cover, shells, beaches, hard outside, anything, 7 shells
«shell» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shell in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A shell is the hard outer cover of a sea animal like a snail, clam or crab; people find shells on beaches.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case det compound nmod case det nmod punct conj cc conj punct nsubj conj obj case obl punct root A DET shell NOUN is AUX the DET hard ADJ outer ADJ cover NOUN of ADP a DET sea NOUN animal NOUN like ADP a DET snail NOUN , PUNCT clam NOUN or CCONJ crab NOUN ; PUNCT people NOUN find VERB shells NOUN on ADP beaches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shell det 2 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 7 cover nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cover cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cover det 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cover amod 6 outer outer ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cover amod 7 cover cover NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 11 animal case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 animal det 10 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 11 animal compound 11 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 7 cover nmod 12 like like ADP _ 14 snail case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 snail det 14 snail snail NOUN Number=Sing 11 animal nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 clam punct 16 clam clam NOUN Number=Sing 14 snail conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 crab cc 18 crab crab NOUN Number=Sing 14 snail conj 19 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 find punct 20 people people NOUN Number=Plur 21 find nsubj 21 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cover conj 22 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 21 find obj 23 on on ADP _ 24 beaches case 24 beaches beach NOUN Number=Plur 21 find obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 7 cover punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shell the hard outer cover of a sea animal like a snail and clam or crab tree rules 2 find present people shells beaches vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A shell is the hard outside of an egg, a nut, a tortoise or a turtle.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct det conj punct det conj cc det conj punct root A DET shell NOUN is AUX the DET hard ADJ outside NOUN of ADP an DET egg NOUN , PUNCT a DET nut NOUN , PUNCT a DET tortoise NOUN or CCONJ a DET turtle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shell det 2 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 6 outside nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 outside cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 outside det 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 outside amod 6 outside outside NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 egg case 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 egg det 9 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 6 outside nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 nut punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 nut det 12 nut nut NOUN Number=Sing 9 egg conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 tortoise punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 tortoise det 15 tortoise tortoise NOUN Number=Sing 6 outside conj 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 turtle cc 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 turtle det 18 turtle turtle NOUN Number=Sing 15 tortoise conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 outside punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shell the hard outside and a tortoise or a turtle of a egg and a nut tree rules
Meaning 3 A shell is anything like a hard outer case: the shell of a building.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop case det amod amod nmod punct det conj case det nmod punct root A DET shell NOUN is AUX anything PRON like ADP a DET hard ADJ outer ADJ case NOUN : PUNCT the DET shell NOUN of ADP a DET building NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shell det 2 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 4 anything nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 anything cop 4 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 like like ADP _ 9 case case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 case det 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 9 case amod 8 outer outer ADJ Degree=Pos 9 case amod 9 case case NOUN Number=Sing 4 anything nmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 shell punct 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 shell det 12 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 4 anything conj 13 of of ADP _ 15 building case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 building det 15 building building NOUN Number=Sing 12 shell nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 anything punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shell anything like a hard outer case tree rules
Meaning 4 To shell nuts or peas is to take them out of their shells.
mark compound obl cc conj cop mark obj case case nmod:poss obl punct root To PART shell NOUN nuts NOUN or CCONJ peas NOUN is AUX to PART take VERB them PRON out ADP of ADP their PRON shells NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 nuts mark 2 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 3 nuts compound 3 nuts nut NOUN Number=Plur 8 take obl 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 peas cc 5 peas pea NOUN Number=Plur 3 nuts conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 take cop 7 to to PART _ 8 take mark 8 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 take obj 10 out out ADP _ 13 shells case 11 of of ADP _ 13 shells case 12 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 shells nmod:poss 13 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 8 take obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present peas's shells shell nuts or peas obl ; take property tree rules
Example 1 Anna had 7 shells and lost 5.
nsubj nummod obj cc conj obj punct root Anna PROPN had VERB 7 NUM shells NOUN and CCONJ lost VERB 5 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Anna Anna PROPN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 shells nummod 4 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 lost cc 6 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 7 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 lost obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Anna 7 shells vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient 2 lose past Anna not said here 5 vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 5=Eventuality
Example 2 Zoe found 12 shells on the beach.
nsubj nummod obj case det obl punct root Zoe PROPN found VERB 12 NUM shells NOUN on ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Zoe Zoe PROPN Number=Sing 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 shells nummod 4 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 2 found obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 beach case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 beach det 7 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past Zoe 12 shells the beach vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Topic
Example 3 Tom collects 4 shells every day.
nsubj nummod obj det obl:unmarked punct root Tom PROPN collects VERB 4 NUM shells NOUN every DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 collects nsubj 2 collects collect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 shells nummod 4 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 2 collects obj 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 day det 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 collects obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 collects punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 collect present Tom 4 shells day vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme
Example 4 A snail carries its shell on its back.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET snail NOUN carries VERB its PRON shell NOUN on ADP its PRON back NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 snail det 2 snail snail NOUN Number=Sing 3 carries nsubj 3 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 shell nmod:poss 5 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 3 carries obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 back case 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 back nmod:poss 8 back back NOUN Number=Sing 3 carries obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 carries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present a snail snail's shell snail's back vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme
Example 5 Crack the egg and throw away the shell.
det obj cc conj advmod det obj punct root Crack VERB the DET egg NOUN and CCONJ throw VERB away ADV the DET shell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Crack crack VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 egg det 3 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 1 Crack obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 throw cc 5 throw throw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Crack conj 6 away away ADV _ 5 throw advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 shell det 8 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 5 throw obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Crack punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crack imperative you not said here the egg vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location egg=Theme 2 throw away infinitive you not said here the shell away property vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme
Example 6 A turtle hides inside its shell when it is scared.
det nsubj case nmod:poss obl mark nsubj cop advcl punct root A DET turtle NOUN hides VERB inside ADP its PRON shell NOUN when SCONJ it PRON is AUX scared ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 turtle det 2 turtle turtle NOUN Number=Sing 3 hides nsubj 3 hides hide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 inside inside ADP _ 6 shell case 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 shell nmod:poss 6 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 3 hides obl 7 when when SCONJ _ 10 scared mark 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 scared nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 scared cop 10 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 3 hides advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 hides punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hide present a turtle turtle's shell vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent inside shell=Location 2 is present turtle scared property tree rules
Example 7 We shelled peas for dinner.
nsubj obj case obl punct root We PRON shelled VERB peas NOUN for ADP dinner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 shelled nsubj 2 shelled shell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 peas pea NOUN Number=Plur 2 shelled obj 4 for for ADP _ 5 dinner case 5 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 2 shelled obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 shelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shell past We peas for dinner vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pea=Destination
Example 8 Hold a big shell to your ear and listen.
det amod obj case nmod:poss obl cc conj punct root Hold VERB a DET big ADJ shell NOUN to ADP your PRON ear NOUN and CCONJ listen VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 shell det 3 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 4 shell amod 4 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hold obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 ear case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 ear nmod:poss 7 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hold obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 listen cc 9 listen listen VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Hold conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold imperative you not said here a big shell to your ear vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme 2 listen infinitive you not said here vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 9 Crack went the egg-shell, as a waggon passed over it.
nsubj det compound punct obl punct case det obl acl case obl punct root Crack NOUN went VERB the DET egg NOUN - PUNCT shell NOUN , PUNCT as ADP a DET waggon NOUN passed VERB over ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Crack crack NOUN Number=Sing 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 shell det 4 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 6 shell compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 egg punct 6 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 waggon punct 8 as as ADP _ 10 waggon case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 waggon det 10 waggon waggon NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 11 passed pass VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 waggon acl 12 over over ADP _ 13 it case 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 passed obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past Crack the egg shell as a waggon vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 pass participle a waggon not said here Crack vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over it=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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