shivering Who acts: Shivering, you, We, wet puppy, She, fever · What happens: mean, shake, be, shiver, wrap, get · To what, where: little, puppy, towel, dark cellar, you, cold sea shivering · Speech: someone speaks here
«shivering» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shivering in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Shivering means shaking a little because you are cold.
nsubj xcomp det obj mark nsubj cop advcl punct root Shivering NOUN means VERB shaking VERB a DET little ADJ because SCONJ you PRON are AUX cold ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shivering shivering NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 shaking shake VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 little det 5 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 shaking obj 6 because because SCONJ _ 9 cold mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 cold nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 cold cop 9 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 3 shaking advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Shivering vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 shake not said to happen gerund Shivering not said here a little vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent little=Patient 3 is present you cold property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Shivering can also mean shaking because you are scared, excited or ill with a fever.
The tree, 15 words nsubj aux advmod xcomp mark nsubj cop advcl punct conj cc conj case det obl punct root Shivering VERB can AUX also ADV mean VERB shaking VERB because SCONJ you PRON are AUX scared ADJ , PUNCT excited ADJ or CCONJ ill ADJ with ADP a DET fever NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shivering shiver VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 shaking shake VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 mean xcomp 6 because because SCONJ _ 9 scared mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 scared nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 scared cop 9 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 5 shaking advcl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 excited punct 11 excited excited ADJ Degree=Pos 9 scared conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 ill cc 13 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 9 scared conj 14 with with ADP _ 16 fever case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 fever det 16 fever fever NOUN Number=Sing 13 ill obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver gerund vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 shake not said to happen gerund vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 4 is present you scared property tree rules 5 be you not said here tree rules 6 be you not said here with a fever tree rules
Example 1 We were shivering at the bus stop in the snow.
nsubj aux case det compound obl case det nmod punct root We PRON were AUX shivering VERB at ADP the DET bus NOUN stop NOUN in ADP the DET snow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 shivering nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 shivering aux 3 shivering shiver VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 at at ADP _ 7 stop case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 stop det 6 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 7 stop compound 7 stop stop NOUN Number=Sing 3 shivering obl 8 in in ADP _ 10 snow case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 snow det 10 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 7 stop nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 shivering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver past · progressive We at the bus stop in the snow vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer at stop=Stimulus
Example 2 The wet puppy was shivering, so we wrapped it in a towel.
det amod nsubj aux punct advmod nsubj conj obj case det obl punct root The DET wet ADJ puppy NOUN was AUX shivering VERB , PUNCT so ADV we PRON wrapped VERB it PRON in ADP a DET towel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 puppy det 2 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 3 puppy amod 3 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 5 shivering nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 shivering aux 5 shivering shiver VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 wrapped punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 wrapped advmod 8 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 wrapped nsubj 9 wrapped wrap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 shivering conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 wrapped obj 11 in in ADP _ 13 towel case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 towel det 13 towel towel NOUN Number=Sing 9 wrapped obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 shivering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver past · progressive the wet puppy vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 wrap past we puppy a towel vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in towel=Destination
Example 3 Get dry quickly or you'll start shivering.
xcomp advmod cc nsubj aux conj xcomp punct root Get VERB dry ADJ quickly ADV or CCONJ you PRON 'll AUX start VERB shivering VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Get xcomp 3 quickly quickly ADV _ 1 Get advmod 4 or or CCONJ _ 7 start cc 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 start nsubj 6 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 start aux 7 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Get conj 8 shivering shiver VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 start xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get imperative you not said here dry, quickly property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 start future you vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 shiver gerund you not said here vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 She was shivering with fear in the dark cellar.
nsubj aux case obl case det amod obl punct root She PRON was AUX shivering VERB with ADP fear NOUN in ADP the DET dark ADJ cellar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 shivering nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 shivering aux 3 shivering shiver VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 with with ADP _ 5 fear case 5 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 3 shivering obl 6 in in ADP _ 9 cellar case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cellar det 8 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 9 cellar amod 9 cellar cellar NOUN Number=Sing 3 shivering obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 shivering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver past · progressive She the dark cellar with fear vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 A fever can make you shiver even when the room is warm.
det nsubj aux obj xcomp advmod advmod det nsubj cop advcl punct root A DET fever NOUN can AUX make VERB you PRON shiver VERB even ADV when ADV the DET room NOUN is AUX warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 fever det 2 fever fever NOUN Number=Sing 4 make nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 make aux 4 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 make obj 6 shiver shiver VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 make xcomp 7 even even ADV _ 12 warm advmod 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 12 warm advmod 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 room det 10 room room NOUN Number=Sing 12 warm nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 warm cop 12 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shiver advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make can a fever you tree rules 2 shiver infinitive you not said here vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 is present the room warm property tree rules
Example 6 The children came out of the cold sea shivering.
det nsubj case case det amod compound obl punct root The DET children NOUN came VERB out ADP of ADP the DET cold ADJ sea NOUN shivering NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 children det 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 9 shivering case 5 of of ADP _ 9 shivering case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 shivering det 7 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 9 shivering amod 8 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 9 shivering compound 9 shivering shivering NOUN Number=Sing 3 came obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come out past the children the cold sea shivering vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient shivering=Result
Example 7 Shivering helps your body make heat.
nsubj nmod:poss obj xcomp obj punct root Shivering VERB helps VERB your PRON body NOUN make VERB heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shivering shiver VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 body nmod:poss 4 body body NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps obj 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 helps xcomp 6 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver gerund vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 help present your body vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 make infinitive your body not said here heat vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset heat=Product
Example 8 The ghost story sent a shiver down my spine.
det compound nsubj det obj compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct root The DET ghost NOUN story NOUN sent VERB a DET shiver NOUN down ADP my PRON spine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 2 ghost ghost NOUN Number=Sing 3 story compound 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 4 sent nsubj 4 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 shiver det 6 shiver shiver NOUN Number=Sing 4 sent obj 7 down down ADP _ 4 sent compound:prt 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 spine nmod:poss 9 spine spine NOUN Number=Sing 4 sent obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send down past the ghost story a shiver vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent shiver=Destination spine=Theme
Example 9 “Has that dog stopped shivering yet?” he asked.
punct nsubj det appos ccomp xcomp advmod punct punct nsubj punct root “ PUNCT Has NOUN that PRON dog NOUN stopped VERB shivering VERB yet ADV ? PUNCT ” PUNCT he PRON asked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 5 stopped punct 2 Has have NOUN Number=Plur 5 stopped nsubj 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 dog det 4 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 2 Has appos 5 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 asked ccomp 6 shivering shiver VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 stopped xcomp 7 yet yet ADV _ 6 shivering advmod 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 stopped punct 9 ” " PUNCT _ 5 stopped punct 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 asked nsubj 11 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop in a quote past Has vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 shiver in a quote gerund Has not said here yet vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 ask speech: ask past dog vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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