shiver Who acts: you, shiver, It, spine, me, I · What happens: shiver, mean, shake, want, be, send · To what, where: little, one such small shake, shivers, me, puppy, towel · Speech: someone speaks here
«shiver» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shiver in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To shiver means to shake a little, without wanting to, because you are cold, afraid or excited.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj mark xcomp det obj punct mark advcl xcomp punct mark nsubj cop parataxis punct conj cc conj punct root To PART shiver VERB means VERB to PART shake VERB a DET little ADJ , PUNCT without SCONJ wanting VERB to PART , PUNCT because SCONJ you PRON are AUX cold ADJ , PUNCT afraid ADJ or CCONJ excited ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 shiver mark 2 shiver shiver VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 shake mark 5 shake shake VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 little det 7 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 5 shake obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 wanting punct 9 without without SCONJ _ 10 wanting mark 10 wanting want VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 shake advcl 11 to to PART _ 10 wanting xcomp 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 cold punct 13 because because SCONJ _ 16 cold mark 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 cold nsubj 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 cold cop 16 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 3 means parataxis 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 afraid punct 18 afraid afraid ADJ Degree=Pos 16 cold conj 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 excited cc 20 excited excited ADJ Degree=Pos 16 cold conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver to-infinitive vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 shake not said to happen to-infinitive a little vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent little=Patient 4 want gerund vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 5 is present you cold property tree rules 6 be you not said here tree rules 7 be you not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A shiver is one such small shake.
det nsubj cop nummod amod amod punct root A DET shiver NOUN is AUX one NUM such ADJ small ADJ shake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shiver det 2 shiver shiver NOUN Number=Sing 7 shake nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 shake cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 shake nummod 5 such such ADJ Degree=Pos 7 shake amod 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 shake amod 7 shake shake NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 shake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shiver one such small shake tree rules
Meaning 3 «It sent shivers down my spine» means it made me feel scared or thrilled.
The tree, 14 words punct nsubj csubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct nsubj ccomp obj xcomp xcomp cc conj punct root « PUNCT It PRON sent VERB shivers NOUN down ADP my PRON spine NOUN » PUNCT means VERB it PRON made VERB me PRON feel VERB scared ADJ or CCONJ thrilled ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 sent punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 sent nsubj 3 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 means csubj 4 shivers shiver NOUN Number=Plur 3 sent obj 5 down down ADP _ 7 spine case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 spine nmod:poss 7 spine spine NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent obl 8 » » PUNCT _ 3 sent punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 made nsubj 11 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 means ccomp 12 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 made obj 13 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 made xcomp 14 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 13 feel xcomp 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 thrilled cc 16 thrilled thrilled ADJ Degree=Pos 14 scared conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send in a quote past It shivers down my spine vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shiver=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make past spine me tree rules 4 feel infinitive me not said here scared property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 1 I shivered at the bus stop without my coat.
nsubj case det compound obl case nmod:poss obl punct root I PRON shivered VERB at ADP the DET bus NOUN stop NOUN without ADP my PRON coat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 shivered nsubj 2 shivered shiver VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 6 stop case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stop det 5 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 6 stop compound 6 stop stop NOUN Number=Sing 2 shivered obl 7 without without ADP _ 9 coat case 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 coat nmod:poss 9 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 2 shivered obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 shivered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver past I without my coat; at the bus stop vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer at stop=Stimulus
Example 2 The wet puppy was shivering, so we wrapped it in a towel.
det amod nsubj aux punct advmod nsubj conj obj case det obl punct root The DET wet ADJ puppy NOUN was AUX shivering VERB , PUNCT so ADV we PRON wrapped VERB it PRON in ADP a DET towel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 puppy det 2 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 3 puppy amod 3 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 5 shivering nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 shivering aux 5 shivering shiver VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 wrapped punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 wrapped advmod 8 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 wrapped nsubj 9 wrapped wrap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 shivering conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 wrapped obj 11 in in ADP _ 13 towel case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 towel det 13 towel towel NOUN Number=Sing 9 wrapped obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 shivering punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver past · progressive the wet puppy vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 wrap past we puppy a towel vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in towel=Destination
Example 3 The ghost story sent shivers down my spine.
det compound nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET ghost NOUN story NOUN sent VERB shivers NOUN down ADP my PRON spine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 2 ghost ghost NOUN Number=Sing 3 story compound 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 4 sent nsubj 4 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 shivers shiver NOUN Number=Plur 4 sent obj 6 down down ADP _ 8 spine case 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 spine nmod:poss 8 spine spine NOUN Number=Sing 4 sent obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send past the ghost story shivers down my spine vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shiver=Theme
Example 4 Shivering helps your body make heat.
nsubj nmod:poss obj xcomp obj punct root Shivering VERB helps VERB your PRON body NOUN make VERB heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shivering shiver VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 body nmod:poss 4 body body NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps obj 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 helps xcomp 6 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver gerund vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 help present your body vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 make infinitive your body not said here heat vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset heat=Product
Example 5 She shivered with excitement before the show.
nsubj case obl case det obl punct root She PRON shivered VERB with ADP excitement NOUN before ADP the DET show NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 shivered nsubj 2 shivered shiver VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 4 excitement case 4 excitement excitement NOUN Number=Sing 2 shivered obl 5 before before ADP _ 7 show case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 show det 7 show show NOUN Number=Sing 2 shivered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 shivered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver past She before the show with excitement vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 If you are shivering after swimming, dry off and put on warm clothes.
The tree, 13 words mark nsubj aux advcl mark advcl punct compound:prt cc conj case amod obl punct root If SCONJ you PRON are AUX shivering VERB after SCONJ swimming VERB , PUNCT dry VERB off ADP and CCONJ put VERB on ADP warm ADJ clothes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 shivering mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 shivering nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 shivering aux 4 shivering shiver VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 dry advcl 5 after after SCONJ _ 6 swimming mark 6 swimming swim VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 shivering advcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 shivering punct 8 dry dry VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 off off ADP _ 8 dry compound:prt 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 put cc 11 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 dry conj 12 on on ADP _ 14 clothes case 13 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 14 clothes amod 14 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 11 put obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 dry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver a condition, not said to happen present · progressive you vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 swim gerund you not said here vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 dry off imperative you not said here vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 put participle you not said here warm clothes vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on clothes=Destination
Example 7 A shiver ran through me when the door creaked.
det nsubj case obl advmod det nsubj conj punct root A DET shiver NOUN ran VERB through ADP me PRON when ADV the DET door NOUN creaked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shiver det 2 shiver shiver NOUN Number=Sing 3 ran nsubj 3 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 through through ADP _ 5 me case 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 ran obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 creaked advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 door det 8 door door NOUN Number=Sing 9 creaked nsubj 9 creaked creak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 ran conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past a shiver through me vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through i=Trajectory 2 creak past the door vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 Oh! how she shivered with the cold.
discourse punct advmod nsubj case det obl punct root Oh INTJ ! PUNCT how ADV she PRON shivered VERB with ADP the DET cold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oh oh INTJ _ 5 shivered discourse 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Oh punct 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 shivered advmod 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 shivered nsubj 5 shivered shiver VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 with with ADP _ 8 cold case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 cold det 8 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 5 shivered obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 shivered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver past she with the cold vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous shivanext → shivering↑ back to S in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/shiver/