shoal Who acts: shoal, fish, that, dolphins, ship, Shoals · What happens: be, swim, flash, stay, herd, run · To what, where: large group, shallow place, sea, large number, shoals, sharks
«shoal» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shoal in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A shoal is a large group of fish swimming together.
det nsubj cop det amod case nmod acl advmod punct root A DET shoal NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ group NOUN of ADP fish NOUN swimming VERB together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shoal det 2 shoal shoal NOUN Number=Sing 6 group nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 group cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 group det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 group amod 6 group group NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 fish case 8 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 6 group nmod 9 swimming swim VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 fish acl 10 together together ADV _ 9 swimming advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 group punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shoal a large group of fish tree rules 2 swim gerund fish not said here together property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A shoal is also a shallow place in a sea or river, often a sandbank, that can be dangerous for boats.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop advmod det amod case det nmod cc conj punct advmod det conj punct nsubj aux cop conj case obl punct root A DET shoal NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET shallow ADJ place NOUN in ADP a DET sea NOUN or CCONJ river NOUN , PUNCT often ADV a DET sandbank NOUN , PUNCT that PRON can AUX be AUX dangerous ADJ for ADP boats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shoal det 2 shoal shoal NOUN Number=Sing 7 place nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 place cop 4 also also ADV _ 7 place advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 place det 6 shallow shallow ADJ Degree=Pos 7 place amod 7 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 sea case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 sea det 10 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 7 place nmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 river cc 12 river river NOUN Number=Sing 10 sea conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 sandbank punct 14 often often ADV _ 16 sandbank advmod 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 sandbank det 16 sandbank sandbank NOUN Number=Sing 7 place conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 21 dangerous punct 18 that that PRON PronType=Rel 21 dangerous nsubj 19 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 dangerous aux 20 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 21 dangerous cop 21 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 7 place conj 22 for for ADP _ 23 boats case 23 boats boat NOUN Number=Plur 21 dangerous obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 7 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shoal a shallow place and a sandbank a sea or river tree rules 2 is can that for boats; dangerous property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
A shoal of things is a large number of them: shoals of letters.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj case nmod cop det amod case nmod punct nmod case nmod punct root A DET shoal NOUN of ADP things NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ number NOUN of ADP them PRON : PUNCT shoals NOUN of ADP letters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shoal det 2 shoal shoal NOUN Number=Sing 8 number nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 things case 4 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 shoal nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 number cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 number det 7 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 8 number amod 8 number number NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 10 them case 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 number nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 shoals punct 12 shoals shoal NOUN Number=Plur 8 number nmod 13 of of ADP _ 14 letters case 14 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 12 shoals nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 number punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a shoal of things a large number of things = thing ; shoals of letters nmod tree rules
Example 1 A shoal of silver fish flashed past the boat.
det nsubj case compound nmod case det obl punct root A DET shoal NOUN of ADP silver NOUN fish NOUN flashed VERB past ADP the DET boat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shoal det 2 shoal shoal NOUN Number=Sing 6 flashed nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 fish case 4 silver silver NOUN Number=Sing 5 fish compound 5 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 2 shoal nmod 6 flashed flash VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 past past ADP _ 9 boat case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 boat det 9 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 6 flashed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 flashed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flash past a shoal of silver fish past the boat vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Fish swim in shoals to stay safe from sharks.
nsubj case obl mark advcl xcomp case obl punct root Fish NOUN swim VERB in ADP shoals NOUN to PART stay VERB safe ADJ from ADP sharks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 2 swim nsubj 2 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 shoals case 4 shoals shoal NOUN Number=Plur 2 swim obl 5 to to PART _ 6 stay mark 6 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 swim advcl 7 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 6 stay xcomp 8 from from ADP _ 9 sharks case 9 sharks shark NOUN Number=Plur 6 stay obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim present Fish shoals vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in shoal=Trajectory 2 stay to-infinitive Fish not said here sharks safe property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The dolphins herded the shoal of sardines into a ball.
det nsubj det obj case nmod case det obl punct root The DET dolphins NOUN herded VERB the DET shoal NOUN of ADP sardines NOUN into ADP a DET ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dolphins det 2 dolphins dolphin NOUN Number=Plur 3 herded nsubj 3 herded herd VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shoal det 5 shoal shoal NOUN Number=Sing 3 herded obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 sardines case 7 sardines sardine NOUN Number=Plur 5 shoal nmod 8 into into ADP _ 10 ball case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 ball det 10 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 3 herded obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 herded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 herd past the dolphins the shoal of sardines into a ball vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent shoal=Patient into ball=Co-Patient
Example 4 The ship ran aground on a hidden shoal.
det nsubj advmod case det amod obl punct root The DET ship NOUN ran VERB aground ADV on ADP a DET hidden ADJ shoal NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ship det 2 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 3 ran nsubj 3 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 aground aground ADV _ 3 ran advmod 5 on on ADP _ 8 shoal case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 shoal det 7 hidden hidden ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shoal amod 8 shoal shoal NOUN Number=Sing 3 ran obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past the ship a hidden shoal aground property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on shoal=Trajectory
Example 5 Shoals of mackerel came close to the shore.
nsubj case nmod advmod case det obl punct root Shoals NOUN of ADP mackerel NOUN came VERB close ADV to ADP the DET shore NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shoals shoal NOUN Number=Plur 4 came nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 mackerel case 3 mackerel mackerel NOUN Number=Sing 1 Shoals nmod 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 close close ADV Degree=Pos 4 came advmod 6 to to ADP _ 8 shore case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 shore det 8 shore shore NOUN Number=Sing 5 close obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Shoals of mackerel close property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The lighthouse warns sailors about the shoals.
det nsubj obj case det nmod punct root The DET lighthouse NOUN warns VERB sailors NOUN about ADP the DET shoals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lighthouse det 2 lighthouse lighthouse NOUN Number=Sing 3 warns nsubj 3 warns warn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sailors sailor NOUN Number=Plur 3 warns obj 5 about about ADP _ 7 shoals case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 shoals det 7 shoals shoal NOUN Number=Plur 4 sailors nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 warns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn present the lighthouse sailors about the shoals vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent sailor=Recipient about shoal=Topic
Example 7 Men can’t come down the cliffs, even if there were any men; and the shoals to seaward would knock a ship to splinters.
The tree, 24 words nsubj aux advmod advmod det obl punct advmod mark expl cop det obl punct cc det nsubj case nmod aux parataxis det obj case obl punct root Men NOUN ca AUX n’t PART come VERB down ADV the DET cliffs NOUN , PUNCT even ADV if SCONJ there PRON were AUX any DET men NOUN ; PUNCT and CCONJ the DET shoals NOUN to ADP seaward NOUN would AUX knock VERB a DET ship NOUN to ADP splinters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Men man NOUN Number=Plur 4 come nsubj 2 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 come aux 3 n’t not PART Polarity=Neg 4 come advmod 4 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 down down ADV _ 4 come advmod 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cliffs det 7 cliffs cliff NOUN Number=Plur 4 come obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 14 men punct 9 even even ADV _ 14 men advmod 10 if if SCONJ _ 12 were mark 11 there there PRON PronType=Dem 12 were expl 12 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 men cop 13 any any DET PronType=Ind 14 men det 14 men man NOUN Number=Plur 4 come obl 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 22 knock punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 22 knock cc 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 shoals det 18 shoals shoal NOUN Number=Plur 22 knock nsubj 19 to to ADP _ 20 seaward case 20 seaward seaward NOUN Number=Sing 18 shoals nmod 21 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 22 knock aux 22 knock knock VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 come parataxis 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 ship det 24 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 22 knock obj 25 to to ADP _ 26 splinters case 26 splinters splinter NOUN Number=Plur 22 knock obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 4 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not come down can Men the cliffs down property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a past any men tree rules 3 knock would the shoals to seaward a ship splinters vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent ship=Theme to splinter=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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