shortfall Who acts: amount, something, school, We, shortfall, charity · What happens: be, need, expect, amount, have, cause · To what, where: shortfall, 30 chairs, 24, drought, donations
«shortfall» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shortfall in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An amount by which something is less than what is needed or expected: a shortfall of £50.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj case det nmod cop case nmod aux:pass acl:relcl cc conj punct det obl case nmod nummod punct root An DET amount NOUN by ADP which DET something PRON is AUX less ADJ than ADP what PRON is AUX needed VERB or CCONJ expected VERB : PUNCT a DET shortfall NOUN of ADP £ SYM 50 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 amount det 2 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 7 less nsubj 3 by by ADP _ 5 something case 4 which which DET PronType=Int 5 something det 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 amount nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 less cop 7 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 8 than than ADP _ 9 what case 9 what what PRON PronType=Rel 7 less nmod 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 needed aux:pass 11 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 what acl:relcl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 expected cc 13 expected expect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 needed conj 14 : : PUNCT _ 16 shortfall punct 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 shortfall det 16 shortfall shortfall NOUN Number=Sing 7 less obl 17 of of ADP _ 18 £ case 18 £ £ SYM _ 16 shortfall nmod 19 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 18 £ nummod 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 less punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a amount by something a shortfall obl ; less property tree rules 2 need present · passive vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF» 3 expect participle vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 amount something nom amount «possession transitive»: by=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The school has a shortfall of £500 for the new playground.
det nsubj det obj case nmod nummod case det amod nmod punct root The DET school NOUN has VERB a DET shortfall NOUN of ADP £ SYM 500 NUM for ADP the DET new ADJ playground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 school det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 shortfall det 5 shortfall shortfall NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 £ case 7 £ £ SYM _ 5 shortfall nmod 8 500 500 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 £ nummod 9 for for ADP _ 12 playground case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 playground det 11 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 12 playground amod 12 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 7 £ nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the school a shortfall vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shortfall=Patient
Example 2 We needed 30 chairs but had 24 — a shortfall of 6.
nsubj nummod obj cc conj obj punct det appos case nmod punct root We PRON needed VERB 30 NUM chairs NOUN but CCONJ had VERB 24 NUM — PUNCT a DET shortfall NOUN of ADP 6 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 needed nsubj 2 needed need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 chairs nummod 4 chairs chair NOUN Number=Plur 2 needed obj 5 but but CCONJ _ 6 had cc 6 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 needed conj 7 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 had obj 8 — - PUNCT _ 10 shortfall punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 shortfall det 10 shortfall shortfall NOUN Number=Sing 7 24 appos 11 of of ADP _ 12 6 case 12 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 shortfall nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 needed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need past We 30 chairs vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot chair=Theme 2 have past We not said here 24 vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 24=Patient
Example 3 A shortfall in rain caused a drought.
det nsubj case nmod det obj punct root A DET shortfall NOUN in ADP rain NOUN caused VERB a DET drought NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 shortfall det 2 shortfall shortfall NOUN Number=Sing 5 caused nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 rain case 4 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 2 shortfall nmod 5 caused cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 drought det 7 drought drought NOUN Number=Sing 5 caused obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause past a shortfall in rain a drought vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition drought=Patient
Example 4 The charity had a shortfall in donations this year.
det nsubj det obj case obl det obl:unmarked punct root The DET charity NOUN had VERB a DET shortfall NOUN in ADP donations NOUN this DET year NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 charity det 2 charity charity NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 shortfall det 5 shortfall shortfall NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 donations case 7 donations donation NOUN Number=Plur 3 had obl 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 year det 9 year year NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the charity a shortfall donations year vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shortfall=Patient
Example 5 The hospital is facing a shortfall of nurses.
det nsubj aux det obj case nmod punct root The DET hospital NOUN is AUX facing VERB a DET shortfall NOUN of ADP nurses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hospital det 2 hospital hospital NOUN Number=Sing 4 facing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 facing aux 4 facing face VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 shortfall det 6 shortfall shortfall NOUN Number=Sing 4 facing obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 nurses case 8 nurses nurse NOUN Number=Plur 6 shortfall nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 facing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 face present · progressive the hospital a shortfall of nurses vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shortfall=Destination
Example 6 She covered the shortfall with her pocket money.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss compound obl punct root She PRON covered VERB the DET shortfall NOUN with ADP her PRON pocket NOUN money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 covered nsubj 2 covered cover VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 shortfall det 4 shortfall shortfall NOUN Number=Sing 2 covered obj 5 with with ADP _ 8 money case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 money nmod:poss 7 pocket pocket NOUN Number=Sing 8 money compound 8 money money NOUN Number=Sing 2 covered obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past She the shortfall with her pocket money vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent shortfall=Destination with money=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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