shorter Who acts: Shorter, Tom, blue ribbon, Days, you, 's · What happens: mean, have, be, last, get, let · To what, where: less length, shorter pencil, 's, shorter path, park · Speech: someone speaks here
«shorter» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shorter in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Shorter means having less length than something else.
nsubj xcomp amod obj case nmod advmod punct root Shorter ADJ means VERB having VERB less ADJ length NOUN than ADP something PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 length amod 5 length length NOUN Number=Sing 3 having obj 6 than than ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 length nmod 8 else else ADV _ 7 something advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Shorter vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have not said to happen gerund Shorter not said here less length than something vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent length=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Shorter means less tall: «Tom is shorter than Max».
nsubj advmod xcomp punct punct nsubj cop parataxis case obl punct punct root Shorter ADJ means VERB less ADV tall ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT Tom PROPN is AUX shorter ADJ than ADP Max PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 4 tall advmod 4 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 5 : : PUNCT _ 9 shorter punct 6 « « PUNCT _ 9 shorter punct 7 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 9 shorter nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 shorter cop 9 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means parataxis 10 than than ADP _ 11 Max case 11 Max Max PROPN Number=Sing 9 shorter obl 12 » » PUNCT _ 9 shorter punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Shorter tall property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 is in a quote present Tom than Max; short property tree rules
Meaning 3 Shorter means lasting less time: «a shorter way home».
nsubj xcomp amod obj punct punct det amod parataxis advmod punct punct root Shorter ADJ means VERB lasting VERB less ADJ time NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET shorter ADJ way NOUN home ADV » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 lasting last VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 time amod 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 lasting obj 6 : : PUNCT _ 2 means punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 10 way punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 way det 9 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 10 way amod 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 11 home home ADV _ 10 way advmod 12 » » PUNCT _ 10 way punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Shorter vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 last not said to happen gerund Shorter not said here time vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The blue ribbon is 2 metres shorter.
det amod nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET blue ADJ ribbon NOUN is AUX 2 NUM metres NOUN shorter ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 ribbon det 2 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 3 ribbon amod 3 ribbon ribbon NOUN Number=Sing 7 shorter nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 shorter cop 5 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 metres nummod 6 metres metre NOUN Number=Plur 7 shorter obl:unmarked 7 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 shorter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the blue ribbon 2 metres obl:unmarked ; short property tree rules
Example 2 Tom is 10 centimetres shorter than Max.
nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked case obl punct root Tom PROPN is AUX 10 NUM centimetres NOUN shorter ADJ than ADP Max PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 5 shorter nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shorter cop 3 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 centimetres nummod 4 centimetres centimetre NOUN Number=Plur 5 shorter obl:unmarked 5 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 7 Max case 7 Max Max PROPN Number=Sing 5 shorter obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 shorter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Tom than Max; 10 centimetres obl:unmarked ; short property tree rules
Example 3 How much shorter is the pencil than the ruler?
advmod advmod amod cop det case det nmod punct root How ADV much ADJ shorter ADJ is AUX the DET pencil NOUN than ADP the DET ruler NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 3 shorter advmod 3 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 pencil amod 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 pencil cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 pencil det 6 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 than than ADP _ 9 ruler case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 ruler det 9 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 6 pencil nmod 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 pencil punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the shorter pencil than the ruler tree rules
Example 4 Days get shorter in winter.
nsubj xcomp case obl punct root Days NOUN get VERB shorter ADJ in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Days day NOUN Number=Plur 2 get nsubj 2 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 get xcomp 4 in in ADP _ 5 winter case 5 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 3 shorter obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present Days short property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 Let's take the shorter path through the park.
obj xcomp det amod obj case det obl punct root Let VERB 's PRON take VERB the DET shorter ADJ path NOUN through ADP the DET park NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Let obj 3 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 path det 5 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 path amod 6 path path NOUN Number=Sing 3 take obj 7 through through ADP _ 9 park case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 park det 9 park park NOUN Number=Sing 3 take obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here 's tree rules 2 take infinitive 's not said here the shorter path the park vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent path=Theme
Example 6 My little brother is shorter than me.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop case obl punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN is AUX shorter ADJ than ADP me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 5 shorter nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shorter cop 5 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 7 me case 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 shorter obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 shorter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My little brother than me; short property tree rules
Example 7 The shortest days of the year come in winter.
det amod nsubj case det nmod case obl punct root The DET shortest ADJ days NOUN of ADP the DET year NOUN come VERB in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 days det 2 shortest short ADJ Degree=Sup 3 days amod 3 days day NOUN Number=Plur 7 come nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 year case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 year det 6 year year NOUN Number=Sing 3 days nmod 7 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 in in ADP _ 9 winter case 9 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 7 come obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present the shortest days of the year winter vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 The new film is shorter than the old one.
det amod nsubj cop case det amod obl punct root The DET new ADJ film NOUN is AUX shorter ADJ than ADP the DET old ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 film det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 film amod 3 film film NOUN Number=Sing 5 shorter nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shorter cop 5 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 9 one case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 one det 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 9 one amod 9 one one NOUN Number=Sing 5 shorter obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 shorter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the new film than the old one; short property tree rules
Example 9 "We must keep to the left; it is much shorter."
punct nsubj aux case det obl punct nsubj cop advmod parataxis punct punct root " PUNCT We PRON must AUX keep VERB to ADP the DET left NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX much ADV shorter ADJ . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 keep punct 2 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 keep nsubj 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 keep aux 4 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 left case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 left det 7 left left NOUN Number=Sing 4 keep obl 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 4 keep punct 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 shorter nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 shorter cop 11 much much ADV _ 12 shorter advmod 12 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 keep parataxis 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 keep punct 14 " " PUNCT _ 4 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep in a quote must We to the left vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is in a quote present left short property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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