shudder
Who acts: shudder, Potentilla, Prince, I · What happens: be, shudder, cry, give, think · To what, where: one such shake, shudder, spiders
«shudder» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shudder in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
To shudder is to shake suddenly, usually from fear, cold, or disgust.
The tree, 12 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | PART | _ | 2 shudder | mark |
| 2 | shudder | shudder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shake | advcl |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 shake | cop |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 shake | mark |
| 5 | shake | shake | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 5 shake | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 fear | punct |
| 8 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 10 fear | advmod |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 fear | case |
| 10 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shake | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 cold | punct |
| 12 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 fear | amod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 disgust | punct |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 disgust | cc |
| 15 | disgust | disgust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shake | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 shake | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | shake, suddenly property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2
A shudder is one such shake of the body.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 shudder | det |
| 2 | shudder | shudder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 shake | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 shake | cop |
| 4 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 shake | nummod |
| 5 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 shake | amod |
| 6 | shake | shake | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 body | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 body | det |
| 9 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 shake | nmod |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 shake | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a shudder | one such shake | of the body | tree rules |
Example 1
Potentilla only shuddered and cried.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Potentilla | potentilla | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shuddered | nsubj |
| 2 | only | only | ADV | _ | 3 shuddered | advmod |
| 3 | shuddered | shudder | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 cried | cc |
| 5 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 shuddered | conj |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shuddered | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shudder | past | Potentilla | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | cry speech: express | past | Potentilla not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Example 2
The Prince gave a shudder.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Prince | det |
| 2 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | nsubj |
| 3 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 shudder | det |
| 5 | shudder | shudder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obj |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gave | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | the Prince | a shudder | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shudder=Theme |
Example 3
I shudder at the thought of spiders.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 shudder | nsubj |
| 2 | shudder | shudder | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 thought | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 thought | det |
| 5 | thought | thought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 shudder | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 spiders | case |
| 7 | spiders | spider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 thought | nmod |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 shudder | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shudder | present | I | at the thought of spiders | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer at thought=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | think | spiders | nom thought «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/shudder/