shuddering

Who acts: Wendy, John, It, Hook · What happens: shudder, mean, shake, whisper, say, be · To what, where: beastly stuff, one foot, air · Speech: someone speaks here

«shuddering» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: shuddering in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Shuddering means shaking hard with fear, cold, or disgust.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shuddering	shudder	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	shaking	shake	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 means	xcomp
4	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 shaking	advmod
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 fear	case
6	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shaking	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 cold	punct
8	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fear	amod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 disgust	punct
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 disgust	cc
11	disgust	disgust	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cold	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	other	roles by
1	shudder	gerund		vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	mean	present		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	shake not said to happen	gerund	with fear; hard property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent with fear=Co-Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Wendy whispered, shuddering.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wendy	Wendy	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 whispered	nsubj
2	whispered	whisper	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 shuddering	punct
4	shuddering	shudder	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 whispered	advcl
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 whispered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	whisper speech: assert	past	Wendy						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	shudder	gerund	Wendy not said here						vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Example 2

John said, shuddering, "It's beastly stuff."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	John	John	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 said	nsubj
2	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 shuddering	punct
4	shuddering	shudder	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 said	advcl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 stuff	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 stuff	punct
7	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 stuff	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 stuff	cop
9	beastly	beastly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 stuff	amod
10	stuff	stuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shuddering	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 stuff	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 stuff	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	John		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	shudder	gerund	John not said here		vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	is a in a quote	present	It	beastly stuff	tree rules

Example 3

Hook stood shuddering, one foot in the air.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hook	hook	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stood	nsubj
2	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	shuddering	shudder	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 stood	xcomp
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 foot	punct
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 foot	nummod
6	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shuddering	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 air	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 air	det
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 foot	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stood	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand	past	Hook						vn admire-31.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	shudder	gerund	Hook not said here	one foot		the air			tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/shuddering/