sigma

Who acts: capital, Σ, He, anyone, brother, sigma · What happens: write, letter, mean, add up, use, spread out · To what, where: eighteenth letter, Greek alphabet, all, small σ, statistics, numbers · Speech: someone speaks here

«sigma» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sigma in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, written Σ (capital) and σ or ς (small).

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 letter	det
2	eighteenth	eighteenth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 letter	amod
3	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 alphabet	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 alphabet	det
6	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 alphabet	amod
7	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 letter	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 written	punct
9	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 letter	acl
10	Σ	Σ	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 written	obl:agent
11	(	(	PUNCT	_	12 capital	punct
12	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 Σ	appos
13	)	)	PUNCT	_	12 capital	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 σ	cc
15	σ	σ	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 Σ	conj
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 ς	cc
17	ς	ς	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 σ	conj
18	(	(	PUNCT	_	19 small	punct
19	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 ς	amod
20	)	)	PUNCT	_	19 small	punct
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 letter	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	participle		the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet not said here					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	letter			the Greek alphabet					nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

The capital Σ means "add up all of these" (the sum); small σ is used in statistics for standard deviation (how spread out numbers are).

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 capital	det
2	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
3	Σ	Σ	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 capital	appos
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 add	punct
6	add	add	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 means	ccomp
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 add	compound:prt
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 add	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 these	case
10	these	this	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	8 all	nmod
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 add	punct
12	(	(	PUNCT	_	14 sum	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 sum	det
14	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 add	parataxis
15	)	)	PUNCT	_	14 sum	punct
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 used	punct
17	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 σ	amod
18	σ	σ	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 used	nsubj:pass
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 used	aux:pass
20	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 means	parataxis
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 statistics	case
22	statistics	statistic	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 used	obl
23	for	for	ADP	_	25 deviation	case
24	standard	standard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 deviation	amod
25	deviation	deviation	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 used	obl
26	(	(	PUNCT	_	28 spread	punct
27	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	28 spread	advmod
28	spread	spread	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 deviation	acl:relcl
29	out	out	ADP	_	28 spread	compound:prt
30	numbers	number	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 spread	obj
31	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 )	cop
32	)	)	PUNCT	_	20 used	punct
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	mean	present	the capital				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	add up speech: assert in a quote	infinitive		all			tree rules
3	use	present · passive		small σ	statistics	for standard deviation	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for deviation=Eventuality
4	spread out	participle		numbers			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location number=Theme

Meaning 3

Usage: slang, internet — kept apart, not parsed.

Used by some young people to mean "cool", "independent" or "the best", as in "sigma male"; often a joke or meme.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 mean	advcl
2	by	by	ADP	_	5 people	case
3	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	5 people	det
4	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 people	amod
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Used	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 mean	mark
7	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 cool	punct
9	cool	cool	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 mean	obj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 cool	punct
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 independent	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 independent	punct
13	independent	independent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 mean	parataxis
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 independent	punct
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 best	cc
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 best	punct
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 best	det
18	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	13 independent	conj
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 best	punct
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 male	punct
21	as	as	ADP	_	25 male	case
22	in	in	ADP	_	25 male	case
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 male	punct
24	sigma	sigma	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 male	compound
25	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 mean	parataxis
26	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 male	punct
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 joke	punct
28	often	often	ADV	_	30 joke	advmod
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 joke	det
30	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 mean	parataxis
31	or	or	CCONJ	_	32 meme	cc
32	meme	meme	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 joke	conj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	participle						by some young people	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	mean	to-infinitive		cool					tree rules

Example 1

Σ is the Greek capital letter sigma.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Σ	Σ	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 sigma	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 sigma	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sigma	det
4	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sigma	amod
5	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 letter	compound
6	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sigma	compound
7	sigma	sigma	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 sigma	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Σ	the Greek letter sigma					tree rules

Example 2

In maths, Σ means "add them all up".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 maths	case
2	maths	math	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 means	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 maths	punct
4	Σ	σ	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	nsubj
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 add	punct
7	add	add	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 means	ccomp
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 add	obj
9	all	all	ADV	_	10 up	advmod
10	up	up	ADV	_	7 add	advmod
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 add	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Σ			maths			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	add speech: assert in a quote	infinitive		maths = math					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Example 3

The sum Σ from 1 to 5 equals 15.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sum	det
2	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Σ	Σ	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 sum	appos
4	from	from	ADP	_	8 equals	case
5	1	1	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 equals	nummod
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 5	case
7	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 1	nmod
8	equals	equal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sum	nmod
9	15	15	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 equals	flat
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sum	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

"He didn't care what anyone thought — so sigma," joked my brother.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 care	punct
2	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 care	nsubj
3	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 care	aux
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 care	advmod
5	care	care	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 care	obj
7	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	8 thought	nsubj
8	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 what	acl:relcl
9	—	-	PUNCT	_	14 joked	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	14 joked	advmod
11	sigma	sigma	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 joked	nsubj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 sigma	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 sigma	punct
14	joked	joke	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 care	conj
15	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 brother	nmod:poss
16	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 joked	obj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 care	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	not care in a quote	past · do-support	He	tree rules
2	think speech: other in a quote	past	anyone	vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	joke speech: other	past	my brother	vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 5

Small sigma σ is used to show spread in statistics.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 σ	amod
2	sigma	sigma	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 σ	compound
3	σ	σ	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 used	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 used	aux:pass
5	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	8 spread	mark
7	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 spread	aux:pass
8	spread	spread	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 used	xcomp
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 statistics	case
10	statistics	statistic	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 spread	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · passive		Small sigma σ					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality
2	spread	to-infinitive · passive				statistics			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: in statistic=Location

Example 6

In Greek, sigma makes an "s" sound.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Greek	case
2	Greek	Greek	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 makes	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Greek	punct
4	sigma	sigma	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 makes	nsubj
5	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 sound	det
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 s	punct
8	s	s	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sound	compound
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 s	punct
10	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 makes	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	sigma	a s sound		Greek			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/sigma/