sign Who acts: sign, that, something, dark clouds, your, town · What happens: be, tell, show, happen, sign, name · To what, where: board, something, you, mark, sign, 12 miles · Speech: someone speaks here
«sign» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sign in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sign is a board with words or pictures that tells you something, like a road sign or a shop sign.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj nsubj parataxis iobj obj punct case det compound appos cc det compound conj punct root A DET sign NOUN is AUX a DET board NOUN with ADP words NOUN or CCONJ pictures NOUN that PRON tells VERB you PRON something PRON , PUNCT like ADP a DET road NOUN sign NOUN or CCONJ a DET shop NOUN sign NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sign det 2 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 5 board nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 board cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 board det 5 board board NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 7 words case 7 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 board nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 pictures cc 9 pictures picture NOUN Number=Plur 7 words conj 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 tells nsubj 11 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 board parataxis 12 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 tells iobj 13 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 tells obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 sign punct 15 like like ADP _ 18 sign case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 sign det 17 road road NOUN Number=Sing 18 sign compound 18 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 13 something appos 19 or or CCONJ _ 22 sign cc 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 sign det 21 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 22 sign compound 22 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 18 sign conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 board punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sign a board with words or pictures tree rules 2 tell speech: assert present that something you vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient something=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A sign in maths is a mark like +, −, ×, ÷ or =.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj case nmod cop det case appos punct appos punct flat punct flat cc conj punct root A DET sign NOUN in ADP maths NOUN is AUX a DET mark NOUN like ADP + SYM , PUNCT − PROPN , PUNCT × SYM , PUNCT ÷ SYM or CCONJ = SYM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sign det 2 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 7 mark nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 maths case 4 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 2 sign nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 mark cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 mark det 7 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 like like ADP _ 9 + case 9 + + SYM _ 7 mark appos 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 − punct 11 − − PROPN Number=Sing 7 mark appos 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 × punct 13 × × SYM Number=Sing 11 − flat 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 ÷ punct 15 ÷ ÷ SYM Number=Sing 11 − flat 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 = cc 17 = = SYM _ 15 ÷ conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 mark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sign in maths a mark tree rules
Meaning 3 A sign is something that shows that something is true or will happen: dark clouds are a sign of rain.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl mark nsubj cop ccomp cc aux conj punct amod nsubj cop det conj case nmod punct root A DET sign NOUN is AUX something PRON that PRON shows VERB that SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ or CCONJ will AUX happen VERB : PUNCT dark ADJ clouds NOUN are AUX a DET sign NOUN of ADP rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sign det 2 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 shows nsubj 6 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 that that SCONJ _ 10 true mark 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 true nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 true cop 10 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shows ccomp 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 happen cc 12 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 happen aux 13 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 true conj 14 : : PUNCT _ 19 sign punct 15 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 16 clouds amod 16 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 19 sign nsubj 17 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 sign cop 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 sign det 19 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 4 something conj 20 of of ADP _ 21 rain case 21 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 19 sign nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sign something tree rules 2 show present vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is present something true property tree rules 4 happen future something not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 is a present dark clouds a sign of rain tree rules
Meaning 4 To sign is to write your name on something.
mark csubj cop mark nmod:poss obj case obl punct root To PART sign VERB is AUX to PART write VERB your PRON name NOUN on ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sign mark 2 sign sign VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 write csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 write cop 4 to to PART _ 5 write mark 5 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 name nmod:poss 7 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 write obj 8 on on ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 write obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sign to-infinitive vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present something write property tree rules 3 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 5 To sign is also to talk with hand signs, as in sign language.
The tree, 13 words mark advcl cop advmod mark case compound obl punct case case compound obl punct root To PART sign VERB is AUX also ADV to PART talk VERB with ADP hand NOUN signs NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP sign NOUN language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sign mark 2 sign sign VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 talk advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 talk cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 talk advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 talk mark 6 talk talk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 with with ADP _ 9 signs case 8 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 9 signs compound 9 signs sign NOUN Number=Plur 6 talk obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 language punct 11 as as ADP _ 14 language case 12 in in ADP _ 14 language case 13 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 14 language compound 14 language language NOUN Number=Sing 6 talk obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sign to-infinitive vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present with hand signs; as sign language; talk property tree rules
Example 1 The sign says the town is 12 miles away.
det nsubj det nsubj cop nummod ccomp advmod punct root The DET sign NOUN says VERB the DET town NOUN is AUX 12 NUM miles NOUN away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sign det 2 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 town det 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 8 miles nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 miles cop 7 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 miles nummod 8 miles mile NOUN Number=Plur 3 says ccomp 9 away away ADV _ 8 miles advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the sign vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a present the town 12 miles away property tree rules
Example 2 Put the right sign between 7 and 3 to get 10.
det amod obj case nmod cc conj mark advcl obj punct root Put VERB the DET right ADJ sign NOUN between ADP 7 NUM and CCONJ 3 NUM to PART get VERB 10 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sign det 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 4 sign amod 4 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 5 between between ADP _ 6 7 case 6 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 sign nmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 3 cc 8 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 7 conj 9 to to PART _ 10 get mark 10 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Put advcl 11 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 get obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here the right sign 7 vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sign=Theme between 7=Destination 2 get to-infinitive you not said here 10 vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 10=Stimulus
Example 3 The sign shows apples cost 50 cents each.
det nsubj nsubj ccomp nummod obj nmod punct root The DET sign NOUN shows VERB apples NOUN cost VERB 50 NUM cents NOUN each DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sign det 2 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 5 cost nsubj 5 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 shows ccomp 6 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 cents nummod 7 cents cent NOUN Number=Plur 5 cost obj 8 each each DET PronType=Tot 7 cents nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the sign vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cost present apples 50 cents each vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme cent=Value
Example 4 30 people signed the card.
nummod nsubj det obj punct root 30 NUM people NOUN signed VERB the DET card NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 people nummod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 signed nsubj 3 signed sign VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 card det 5 card card NOUN Number=Sing 3 signed obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 signed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sign past 30 people the card vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent card=Destination
Example 5 Stop at the stop sign and look both ways.
case det compound obl cc conj det obl punct root Stop VERB at ADP the DET stop NOUN sign NOUN and CCONJ look VERB both DET ways NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 at at ADP _ 5 sign case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sign det 4 stop stop NOUN Number=Sing 5 sign compound 5 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 1 Stop obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 look cc 7 look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 8 both both DET PronType=Tot 9 ways det 9 ways way NOUN Number=Plur 7 look obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here the stop sign vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at sign=Location 2 look infinitive you not said here both ways vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 6 Swallows coming back are a sign of spring.
nsubj acl advmod cop det case nmod punct root Swallows NOUN coming VERB back ADV are AUX a DET sign NOUN of ADP spring NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swallows swallow NOUN Number=Plur 6 sign nsubj 2 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Swallows acl 3 back back ADV _ 2 coming advmod 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sign cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sign det 6 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 spring case 8 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 6 sign nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 sign punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come back gerund Swallows not said here vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present Swallows a sign spring tree rules
Example 7 Please sign your name at the bottom.
discourse nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Please INTJ sign VERB your PRON name NOUN at ADP the DET bottom NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 sign discourse 2 sign sign VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 name nmod:poss 4 name name NOUN Number=Sing 2 sign obj 5 at at ADP _ 7 bottom case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bottom det 7 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 2 sign obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sign punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sign imperative you not said here your name the bottom vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme at bottom=Destination 2 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 My cousin uses sign language to talk with her deaf friend.
nmod:poss nsubj compound obj mark advcl case nmod:poss amod obl punct root My PRON cousin NOUN uses VERB sign NOUN language NOUN to PART talk VERB with ADP her PRON deaf ADJ friend NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 cousin nmod:poss 2 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 3 uses nsubj 3 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 5 language compound 5 language language NOUN Number=Sing 3 uses obj 6 to to PART _ 7 talk mark 7 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 uses advcl 8 with with ADP _ 11 friend case 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 friend nmod:poss 10 deaf deaf ADJ Degree=Pos 11 friend amod 11 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 7 talk obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present My cousin sign language vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient 2 talk to-infinitive My cousin not said here with cousin's deaf friend vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with friend=Co-Agent
Example 9 A smile is often a sign that someone is happy.
det nsubj cop advmod det mark nsubj cop acl punct root A DET smile NOUN is AUX often ADV a DET sign NOUN that SCONJ someone PRON is AUX happy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 smile det 2 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 6 sign nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sign cop 4 often often ADV _ 6 sign advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sign det 6 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that SCONJ _ 10 happy mark 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 happy nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 happy cop 10 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sign acl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 sign punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a smile a sign often property tree rules 2 is present someone a sign not said here happy property tree rules
Example 10 “Read the sign and you’ll know.”
punct det obj cc nsubj aux conj punct punct root “ PUNCT Read VERB the DET sign NOUN and CCONJ you PRON ’ll AUX know VERB . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 2 Read punct 2 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sign det 4 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 2 Read obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 know cc 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 know nsubj 7 ’ll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 know aux 8 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 Read conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 Read punct 10 ” " PUNCT _ 2 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read in a quote imperative you not said here the sign vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Topic 2 know in a quote future you vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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