silence Who acts: Silence, people, minute, We, loud bang, long silence · What happens: be, not be, mean, make, stay, remember · To what, where: sound, all, someone, short time, test, forest · Speech: someone speaks here
«silence» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: silence in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Silence is when there is no sound at all.
nsubj cop advmod expl cop det case nmod punct root Silence NOUN is AUX when ADV there PRON is AUX no DET sound NOUN at ADP all DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 7 sound nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sound cop 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 is advmod 4 there there PRON PronType=Dem 5 is expl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 sound cop 6 no no DET PronType=Neg 7 sound det 7 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 at at ADP _ 9 all case 9 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 sound nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Silence no sound all tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Silence is also when people are not talking.
nsubj cop advmod advmod nsubj aux advmod punct root Silence NOUN is AUX also ADV when ADV people NOUN are AUX not PART talking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 8 talking nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 talking cop 3 also also ADV _ 8 talking advmod 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 talking advmod 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 talking nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 talking aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 talking advmod 8 talking talk VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 talking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present · progressive Silence talk property tree rules
Meaning 3 To silence means to make someone or something quiet.
mark nsubj mark xcomp obj cc conj amod punct root To PART silence NOUN means VERB to PART make VERB someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON quiet ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 silence mark 2 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 make obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 something cc 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 someone conj 9 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 8 something amod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present silence vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 make not said to happen to-infinitive silence not said here someone vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product
Meaning 4 A minute's silence is a short time when people stay quiet to remember someone.
The tree, 15 words det nmod:poss case nsubj cop det amod advmod nsubj acl:relcl xcomp mark xcomp obj punct root A DET minute NOUN 's PART silence NOUN is AUX a DET short ADJ time NOUN when ADV people NOUN stay VERB quiet ADJ to PART remember VERB someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 minute det 2 minute minute NOUN Number=Sing 4 silence nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 minute case 4 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 8 time nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 time cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 time det 7 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 8 time amod 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 when when ADV PronType=Int 11 stay advmod 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 11 stay nsubj 11 stay stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 time acl:relcl 12 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 11 stay xcomp 13 to to PART _ 14 remember mark 14 remember remember VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 quiet xcomp 15 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 remember obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a minute's silence a short time tree rules 2 stay present people quiet property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 remember to-infinitive people not said here someone vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 4 silence a minute nom silence «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 Silence, please! The test has started.
Sentence 1: Silence, please!
punct discourse punct root Silence NOUN , PUNCT please INTJ ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Silence silence NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Silence punct 3 please please INTJ _ 1 Silence discourse 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Silence punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: The test has started.
det nsubj:pass aux punct root The DET test NOUN has AUX started VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 test det 2 test test NOUN Number=Sing 4 started nsubj:pass 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 started aux 4 started start VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 started punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present · perfect · passive the test vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
Example 2 We walked through the forest in silence.
nsubj case det obl case obl punct root We PRON walked VERB through ADP the DET forest NOUN in ADP silence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 5 forest case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 forest det 5 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 silence case 7 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past We the forest in silence vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through forest=Trajectory
Example 3 A loud bang broke the silence.
det amod nsubj det obj punct root A DET loud ADJ bang NOUN broke VERB the DET silence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bang det 2 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bang amod 3 bang bang NOUN Number=Sing 4 broke nsubj 4 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 silence det 6 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 4 broke obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 broke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break past a loud bang the silence vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer silence=Patient
Example 4 There was a long silence after the bad news.
expl det amod nsubj case det amod obl punct root There PRON was VERB a DET long ADJ silence NOUN after ADP the DET bad ADJ news NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 silence det 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 silence amod 5 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 6 after after ADP _ 9 news case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 news det 8 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 9 news amod 9 news news NOUN Number=Sing 2 was obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a long silence there after the bad news vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The class kept a minute's silence for the soldiers.
det nsubj det nmod:poss case obj case det obl punct root The DET class NOUN kept VERB a DET minute NOUN 's PART silence NOUN for ADP the DET soldiers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 class det 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 kept nsubj 3 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 minute det 5 minute minute NOUN Number=Sing 7 silence nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 minute case 7 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 3 kept obj 8 for for ADP _ 10 soldiers case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 soldiers det 10 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 3 kept obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep past the class a minute's silence for the soldiers vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent silence=Theme 2 silence a minute nom silence «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 She silenced her phone in the cinema.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root She PRON silenced VERB her PRON phone NOUN in ADP the DET cinema NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 silenced nsubj 2 silenced silence VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 phone nmod:poss 4 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 2 silenced obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 cinema case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cinema det 7 cinema cinema NOUN Number=Sing 2 silenced obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 silenced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 silence past She her phone the cinema vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent phone=Patient
Example 7 In the silence we could hear an owl.
case det obl nsubj aux det obj punct root In ADP the DET silence NOUN we PRON could AUX hear VERB an DET owl NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 silence case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 silence det 3 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 6 hear obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 hear nsubj 5 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 hear aux 6 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 owl det 8 owl owl NOUN Number=Sing 6 hear obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 hear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear could we a owl the silence vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer owl=Stimulus
Example 8 His silence told me he was upset.
nmod:poss nsubj iobj nsubj cop ccomp punct root His PRON silence NOUN told VERB me PRON he PRON was AUX upset ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 silence nmod:poss 2 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 3 told nsubj 3 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 told iobj 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 upset nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 upset cop 7 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 3 told ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert past His silence me vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient 2 is past silence upset property tree rules 3 silence His = he nom silence «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 9 There was a splash, and then silence.
expl det nsubj punct cc advmod conj punct root There PRON was VERB a DET splash NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ then ADV silence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 splash det 4 splash splash NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 silence punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 silence cc 7 then then ADV PronType=Dem 8 silence advmod 8 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 4 splash conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a splash and silence there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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