skim Who acts: bird, thin layer, stone, Skim, milk, fat · What happens: skim, be, get, read, float, bounce · To what, where: text, main idea, word, top, water, liquid · Speech: someone speaks here
«skim» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: skim in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To skim a text is to read it quickly to get the main idea, without reading every word.
The tree, 18 words mark advcl det obj cop mark obj advmod mark advcl det amod obj punct mark advcl det obj punct root To PART skim VERB a DET text NOUN is AUX to PART read VERB it PRON quickly ADV to PART get VERB the DET main ADJ idea NOUN , PUNCT without SCONJ reading VERB every DET word NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 skim mark 2 skim skim VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 read advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 text det 4 text text NOUN Number=Sing 2 skim obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 read cop 6 to to PART _ 7 read mark 7 read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 read obj 9 quickly quickly ADV _ 7 read advmod 10 to to PART _ 11 get mark 11 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 read advcl 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 idea det 13 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 14 idea amod 14 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 11 get obj 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 reading punct 16 without without SCONJ _ 17 reading mark 17 reading read VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 get advcl 18 every every DET PronType=Tot 19 word det 19 word word NOUN Number=Sing 17 reading obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim to-infinitive a text vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent text=Source 2 is present quickly, read property tree rules 3 get to-infinitive the main idea vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer idea=Stimulus 4 read gerund every word vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To skim is to move quickly just over the top of something, like a bird skimming the water.
The tree, 18 words mark advcl cop mark advmod advmod case det obl case nmod punct case det obl acl det obj punct root To PART skim NOUN is AUX to PART move VERB quickly ADV just ADV over ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP something PRON , PUNCT like ADP a DET bird NOUN skimming VERB the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 skim mark 2 skim skim NOUN Number=Sing 5 move advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 move cop 4 to to PART _ 5 move mark 5 move move VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 quickly quickly ADV _ 5 move advmod 7 just just ADV _ 10 top advmod 8 over over ADP _ 10 top case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 top det 10 top top NOUN Number=Sing 5 move obl 11 of of ADP _ 12 something case 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 top nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 bird punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 bird case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 bird det 16 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 5 move obl 17 skimming skim VERB VerbForm=Ger 16 bird acl 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 water det 19 water water NOUN Number=Sing 17 skimming obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 move punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the top of something like a bird; move, quickly property tree rules 2 skim gerund a bird not said here the water vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent water=Source
Meaning 3 To skim a liquid is to take off the thin layer floating on top, like cream from milk.
The tree, 18 words mark advcl det obj cop mark compound:prt det amod obj acl case obl punct case obl case nmod punct root To PART skim VERB a DET liquid NOUN is AUX to PART take VERB off ADP the DET thin ADJ layer NOUN floating VERB on ADP top NOUN , PUNCT like ADP cream NOUN from ADP milk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 skim mark 2 skim skim VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 take advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 liquid det 4 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 2 skim obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 take cop 6 to to PART _ 7 take mark 7 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 off off ADP _ 7 take compound:prt 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 layer det 10 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 11 layer amod 11 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 7 take obj 12 floating float VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 layer acl 13 on on ADP _ 14 top case 14 top top NOUN Number=Sing 12 floating obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 cream punct 16 like like ADP _ 17 cream case 17 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 12 floating obl 18 from from ADP _ 19 milk case 19 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 17 cream nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim to-infinitive a liquid vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent liquid=Theme 2 is present take property tree rules 3 float gerund the thin layer not said here top like cream from milk vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on top=Trajectory
Meaning 4 To skim a flat stone is to throw it so it bounces across water.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl det amod obj cop mark obj mark nsubj advcl case obl punct root To PART skim VERB a DET flat ADJ stone NOUN is AUX to PART throw VERB it PRON so SCONJ it PRON bounces VERB across ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 skim mark 2 skim skim VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 throw advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 stone det 4 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 5 stone amod 5 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 2 skim obj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 throw cop 7 to to PART _ 8 throw mark 8 throw throw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 throw obj 10 so so SCONJ _ 12 bounces mark 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 bounces nsubj 12 bounces bounce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 throw advcl 13 across across ADP _ 14 water case 14 water water NOUN Number=Sing 12 bounces obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 throw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim to-infinitive a flat stone vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent stone=Source 2 is present throw property tree rules 3 bounce present stone water vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across water=Trajectory
Meaning 5 Skim can also describe milk that has had its fat taken out.
nsubj aux advmod obj nsubj aux acl:relcl nmod:poss obj xcomp compound:prt punct root Skim NOUN can AUX also ADV describe VERB milk NOUN that PRON has AUX had VERB its PRON fat NOUN taken VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skim skim NOUN Number=Sing 4 describe nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 describe aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 describe advmod 4 describe describe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 4 describe obj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 had nsubj 7 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 had aux 8 had have VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 milk acl:relcl 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 fat nmod:poss 10 fat fat NOUN Number=Sing 8 had obj 11 taken take VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 had xcomp 12 out out ADP _ 11 taken compound:prt 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 describe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe can Skim milk vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent milk=Theme 2 have present · perfect milk Skim's fat tree rules 3 take out participle Skim's fat not said here vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Skim the page first to see what it is about.
det obj advmod mark advcl obl nsubj cop advmod punct root Skim VERB the DET page NOUN first ADV to PART see VERB what PRON it PRON is AUX about ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skim skim VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 page det 3 page page NOUN Number=Sing 1 Skim obj 4 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 1 Skim advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 see mark 6 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Skim advcl 7 what what PRON PronType=Rel 10 about obl 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 about nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 about cop 10 about about ADV _ 6 see advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Skim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim imperative you not said here the page first property vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent page=Source 2 see to-infinitive you not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 is present page about property tree rules
Example 2 The swallow skimmed low over the pond.
det acl advmod case det obl punct root The DET swallow NOUN skimmed VERB low ADV over ADP the DET pond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 swallow det 2 swallow swallow NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 skimmed skim VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 swallow acl 4 low low ADV Degree=Pos 3 skimmed advmod 5 over over ADP _ 7 pond case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 pond det 7 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 3 skimmed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 swallow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim participle the swallow not said here the pond low property vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Dad skimmed the fat off the soup.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Dad NOUN skimmed VERB the DET fat NOUN off ADP the DET soup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 skimmed nsubj 2 skimmed skim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 fat det 4 fat fat NOUN Number=Sing 2 skimmed obj 5 off off ADP _ 7 soup case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 soup det 7 soup soup NOUN Number=Sing 2 skimmed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 skimmed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim past Dad the fat the soup vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent fat=Theme off soup=Source
Example 4 Can you skim a stone so it bounces five times?
aux nsubj det obj advmod nsubj advcl nummod obl:unmarked punct root Can AUX you PRON skim VERB a DET stone NOUN so ADV it PRON bounces VERB five NUM times NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 skim aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 skim nsubj 3 skim skim VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 stone det 5 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 3 skim obj 6 so so ADV _ 8 bounces advmod 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 bounces nsubj 8 bounces bounce VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 skim advcl 9 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 times nummod 10 times time NOUN Number=Plur 8 bounces obl:unmarked 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 skim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim can you a stone vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent stone=Source 2 bounce present stone time vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 I only skimmed the article, so I missed the details.
nsubj advmod det obj punct advmod nsubj conj det obj punct root I PRON only ADV skimmed VERB the DET article NOUN , PUNCT so ADV I PRON missed VERB the DET details NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 skimmed nsubj 2 only only ADV _ 3 skimmed advmod 3 skimmed skim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 article det 5 article article NOUN Number=Sing 3 skimmed obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 missed punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 missed advmod 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 missed nsubj 9 missed miss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 skimmed conj 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 details det 11 details detail NOUN Number=Plur 9 missed obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 skimmed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim past I the article vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent article=Source 2 miss past I the details vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer detail=Stimulus
Example 6 The boat skimmed across the waves.
det acl case det obl:agent punct root The DET boat NOUN skimmed VERB across ADP the DET waves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boat det 2 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 skimmed skim VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 boat acl 4 across across ADP _ 6 waves case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 waves det 6 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 3 skimmed obl:agent 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 boat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim participle the boat not said here vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Skim the chapter, then read the questions.
det obj punct advmod parataxis det obj punct root Skim VERB the DET chapter NOUN , PUNCT then ADV read VERB the DET questions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skim skim VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 chapter det 3 chapter chapter NOUN Number=Sing 1 Skim obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 read punct 5 then then ADV PronType=Dem 6 read advmod 6 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Skim parataxis 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 questions det 8 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 6 read obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Skim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 skim imperative you not said here the chapter vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent chapter=Source 2 read past the questions then vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Topic
Example 8 ‘A can of fresh milk, then,’ said the students; ‘but it must not be skim.’
The tree, 15 words punct det aux case amod nsubj punct advmod punct punct det obj punct punct cc nsubj aux advmod cop ccomp punct punct root ‘ PUNCT A DET can AUX of ADP fresh ADJ milk NOUN , PUNCT then ADV , PUNCT ’ PUNCT said VERB the DET students NOUN ; PUNCT ‘ PUNCT but CCONJ it PRON must AUX not PART be AUX skim ADJ . PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 11 said punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 milk det 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 milk aux 4 of of ADP _ 6 milk case 5 fresh fresh ADJ Degree=Pos 6 milk amod 6 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 11 said nsubj 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 milk punct 8 then then ADV PronType=Dem 11 said advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 then punct 10 ’ ' PUNCT _ 11 said punct 11 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 students det 13 students student NOUN Number=Plur 11 said obj 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 said punct 15 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 21 skim punct 16 but but CCONJ _ 21 skim cc 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 skim nsubj 18 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 skim aux 19 not not PART Polarity=Neg 21 skim advmod 20 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 21 skim cop 21 skim skim ADJ Degree=Pos 11 said ccomp 22 . . PUNCT _ 21 skim punct 23 ’ ' PUNCT _ 21 skim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past a fresh milk the students then vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent student=Topic 2 not is must milk skim property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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