skunk Who acts: bushy tail, Skunk, dog, Skunks, you, stripes · What happens: spray, smell, frighten, be, walk, come · To what, where: bad smelling liquid, liquid, insult, skunk, garden, black fur
«skunk» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: skunk in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A small black-and-white animal of North America with a bushy tail, which sprays a very bad-smelling liquid when it is frightened.
The tree, 24 words det amod amod punct cc punct conj case compound nmod case det amod nmod punct nsubj acl:relcl det advmod amod punct amod obj advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root A DET small ADJ black ADJ - PUNCT and CCONJ - PUNCT white ADJ animal NOUN of ADP North PROPN America PROPN with ADP a DET bushy ADJ tail NOUN , PUNCT which PRON sprays VERB a DET very ADV bad ADJ - PUNCT smelling VERB liquid NOUN when ADV it PRON is AUX frightened VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 animal det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 animal amod 3 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 8 animal amod 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 black punct 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 white cc 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 and punct 7 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 3 black conj 8 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 11 America case 10 North North PROPN Number=Sing 11 America compound 11 America America PROPN Number=Sing 8 animal nmod 12 with with ADP _ 15 tail case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 tail det 14 bushy bushy ADJ Degree=Pos 15 tail amod 15 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal nmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 sprays punct 17 which which PRON PronType=Rel 18 sprays nsubj 18 sprays spray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 tail acl:relcl 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 liquid det 20 very very ADV _ 21 bad advmod 21 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 24 liquid amod 22 - - PUNCT _ 21 bad punct 23 smelling smell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 24 liquid amod 24 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 18 sprays obj 25 when when ADV PronType=Int 28 frightened advmod 26 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 28 frightened nsubj:pass 27 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 28 frightened aux:pass 28 frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 18 sprays advcl 29 . . PUNCT _ 8 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spray present a bushy tail a bad smelling liquid vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent liquid=Theme 2 smell gerund vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 frighten present · passive liquid vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Skunk can also be an insult for a mean, dishonest person.
nsubj aux advmod cop det case det amod punct amod nmod punct root Skunk NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX an DET insult NOUN for ADP a DET mean ADJ , PUNCT dishonest ADJ person NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skunk skunk NOUN Number=Sing 6 insult nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 insult aux 3 also also ADV _ 6 insult advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 insult cop 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 insult det 6 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 12 person case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 person det 9 mean mean ADJ Degree=Pos 12 person amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 mean punct 11 dishonest dishonest ADJ Degree=Pos 12 person amod 12 person person NOUN Number=Sing 6 insult nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 insult punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can Skunk a insult for a mean dishonest person tree rules
Example 1 A skunk walked across our garden at night.
det acl case nmod:poss obl case obl punct root A DET skunk NOUN walked VERB across ADP our PRON garden NOUN at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 skunk det 2 skunk skunk NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 walked walk VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 2 skunk acl 4 across across ADP _ 6 garden case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 garden nmod:poss 6 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 3 walked obl 7 at at ADP _ 8 night case 8 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 walked obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 skunk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk participle a skunk not said here our garden night vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across garden=Trajectory
Example 2 The dog came home smelling of skunk.
det nsubj advmod advcl case obl punct root The DET dog NOUN came VERB home ADV smelling VERB of ADP skunk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 home home ADV _ 3 came advmod 5 smelling smell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 came advcl 6 of of ADP _ 7 skunk case 7 skunk skunk NOUN Number=Sing 5 smelling obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the dog home property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 smell gerund the dog not said here of skunk vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location of skunk=Theme
Example 3 A skunk sprays when it is scared.
det nsubj mark nsubj cop advcl punct root A DET skunk NOUN sprays VERB when SCONJ it PRON is AUX scared ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 skunk det 2 skunk skunk NOUN Number=Sing 3 sprays nsubj 3 sprays spray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when SCONJ _ 7 scared mark 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 scared nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 scared cop 7 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sprays advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sprays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spray present a skunk vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme 2 is present skunk scared property tree rules
Example 4 Skunks have black and white fur.
nsubj amod cc conj obj punct root Skunks NOUN have VERB black ADJ and CCONJ white ADJ fur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skunks skunk NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 6 fur amod 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 white cc 5 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 3 black conj 6 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Skunks black fur vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient
Example 5 Skunks eat insects, eggs and berries.
nsubj obj punct conj cc conj punct root Skunks NOUN eat VERB insects NOUN , PUNCT eggs NOUN and CCONJ berries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Skunks skunk NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 eggs punct 5 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 3 insects conj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 berries cc 7 berries berry NOUN Number=Plur 3 insects conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Skunks insects and eggs and berries vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient
Example 6 Back away slowly if you see a skunk.
advmod advmod mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root Back ADV away ADV slowly ADV if SCONJ you PRON see VERB a DET skunk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Back back ADV _ 2 away advmod 2 away away ADV _ root root 3 slowly slowly ADV _ 2 away advmod 4 if if SCONJ _ 6 see mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 see nsubj 6 see see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 away advcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 skunk det 8 skunk skunk NOUN Number=Sing 6 see obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 away punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see present you a skunk vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skunk=Stimulus
Example 7 Its stripes warn other animals to stay away.
nmod:poss nsubj amod obj mark xcomp advmod punct root Its PRON stripes NOUN warn VERB other ADJ animals NOUN to PART stay VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 stripes nmod:poss 2 stripes stripe NOUN Number=Plur 3 warn nsubj 3 warn warn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 5 animals amod 5 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 3 warn obj 6 to to PART _ 7 stay mark 7 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 warn xcomp 8 away away ADV _ 7 stay advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 warn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 warn speech: warn present Its stripes other animals vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient clause=Topic 2 stay away to-infinitive Its stripes not said here away property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 I have eliminated a malodorous and un-English skunk.
nsubj aux det amod cc conj obj punct root I PRON have AUX eliminated VERB a DET malodorous ADJ and CCONJ un-English ADJ skunk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 eliminated nsubj 2 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 eliminated aux 3 eliminated eliminate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 skunk det 5 malodorous malodorous ADJ Degree=Pos 8 skunk amod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 un-English cc 7 un-English un-english ADJ Degree=Pos 5 malodorous conj 8 skunk skunk NOUN Number=Sing 3 eliminated obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 eliminated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eliminate present · perfect I a malodorous skunk vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skunk=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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