sled Who acts: small vehicle, bigger vehicle, We, sled, Dad · What happens: slide, use, call, pull, ride, go · To what, where: snow, sledge, UK, sled, big hill, dog sled · Speech: someone speaks here
«sled» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sled in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: mainly US, Canada — kept apart, not parsed.
A small vehicle that slides over snow, used by children for fun on hills; in the UK called a sledge, in Australia sometimes a toboggan.
The tree, 25 words det amod nsubj nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct acl case obl case obl case nmod punct case det obl det obj punct case obl advmod det xcomp punct root A DET small ADJ vehicle NOUN that PRON slides VERB over ADP snow NOUN , PUNCT used VERB by ADP children NOUN for ADP fun NOUN on ADP hills NOUN ; PUNCT in ADP the DET UK PROPN called VERB a DET sledge NOUN , PUNCT in ADP Australia PROPN sometimes ADV a DET toboggan NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 vehicle det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 vehicle amod 3 vehicle vehicle NOUN Number=Sing 20 called nsubj 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 slides nsubj 5 slides slide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 vehicle acl:relcl 6 over over ADP _ 7 snow case 7 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 5 slides obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 used punct 9 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 snow acl 10 by by ADP _ 11 children case 11 children child NOUN Number=Plur 9 used obl 12 for for ADP _ 13 fun case 13 fun fun NOUN Number=Sing 9 used obl 14 on on ADP _ 15 hills case 15 hills hill NOUN Number=Plur 13 fun nmod 16 ; ; PUNCT _ 20 called punct 17 in in ADP _ 19 UK case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 UK det 19 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 20 called obl 20 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 sledge det 22 sledge sledge NOUN Number=Sing 20 called obj 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 Australia punct 24 in in ADP _ 25 Australia case 25 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 20 called obl 26 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 28 toboggan advmod 27 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 28 toboggan det 28 toboggan toboggan NOUN Number=Sing 20 called xcomp 29 . . PUNCT _ 20 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slide present a small vehicle snow vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over snow=Trajectory 2 use participle snow not said here by children; for fun on hills vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 call past a small vehicle a sledge the UK in Australia vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sledge=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A bigger vehicle pulled by dogs or reindeer over snow and ice.
det amod nsubj case obl:agent cc conj case nmod cc conj punct root A DET bigger ADJ vehicle NOUN pulled VERB by ADP dogs NOUN or CCONJ reindeer NOUN over ADP snow NOUN and CCONJ ice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 vehicle det 2 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 vehicle amod 3 vehicle vehicle NOUN Number=Sing 4 pulled nsubj 4 pulled pull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 6 dogs case 6 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 4 pulled obl:agent 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 reindeer cc 8 reindeer reindeer NOUN Number=Sing 6 dogs conj 9 over over ADP _ 10 snow case 10 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 8 reindeer nmod 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 ice cc 12 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 10 snow conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 pulled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull participle a bigger vehicle vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To ride on a sled.
mark case det obl punct root To PART ride VERB on ADP a DET sled NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 ride mark 2 ride ride VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 sled case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sled det 5 sled sled NOUN Number=Sing 2 ride obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 ride punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride to-infinitive a sled vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
We went sledding.
nsubj xcomp punct root We PRON went VERB sledding VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sledding sled VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 went xcomp 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 sled gerund We not said here vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 We went sledding on the big hill.
nsubj xcomp case det amod obl punct root We PRON went VERB sledding VERB on ADP the DET big ADJ hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sledding sled VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 went xcomp 4 on on ADP _ 7 hill case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hill det 6 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hill amod 7 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 3 sledding obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 sled gerund We not said here the big hill vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 The dog sled raced across the ice.
det compound acl case det obl punct root The DET dog NOUN sled NOUN raced VERB across ADP the DET ice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sled det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 sled compound 3 sled sled NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 raced race VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 sled acl 5 across across ADP _ 7 ice case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ice det 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 4 raced obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 race participle the dog sled not said here the ice vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across ice=Trajectory
Example 3 My sled can carry two children.
nmod:poss nsubj aux nummod obj punct root My PRON sled NOUN can AUX carry VERB two NUM children NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 sled nmod:poss 2 sled sled NOUN Number=Sing 4 carry nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 carry aux 4 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 children nummod 6 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 carry obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 carry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry can My sled two children vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Theme
Example 4 Always sled feet-first and away from trees.
advmod amod punct advmod cc conj case obl punct root Always ADV sled ADJ feet NOUN - PUNCT first ADV and CCONJ away ADV from ADP trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 3 feet advmod 2 sled sled ADJ Degree=Pos 3 feet amod 3 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 - - PUNCT _ 5 first punct 5 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 feet advmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 away cc 7 away away ADV _ 5 first conj 8 from from ADP _ 9 trees case 9 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 7 away obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 feet punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 5 The sled went 60 metres in 10 seconds.
det nsubj nummod obl:unmarked case nummod obl punct root The DET sled NOUN went VERB 60 NUM metres NOUN in ADP 10 NUM seconds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sled det 2 sled sled NOUN Number=Sing 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 60 60 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 metres nummod 5 metres metre NOUN Number=Plur 3 went obl:unmarked 6 in in ADP _ 8 seconds case 7 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 seconds nummod 8 seconds second NOUN Number=Plur 3 went obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the sled 60 metres second vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Dad pulled the sled up the hill again.
nsubj det obj case det obl advmod punct root Dad NOUN pulled VERB the DET sled NOUN up ADP the DET hill NOUN again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 pulled nsubj 2 pulled pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sled det 4 sled sled NOUN Number=Sing 2 pulled obj 5 up up ADP _ 7 hill case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hill det 7 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 2 pulled obl 8 again again ADV _ 2 pulled advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 pulled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull past Dad the sled again up the hill vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sled=Theme
Example 7 In the UK we call it a sledge.
case det obl nsubj obj det xcomp punct root In ADP the DET UK PROPN we PRON call VERB it PRON a DET sledge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 UK case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 UK det 3 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 5 call obl 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 call nsubj 5 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 call obj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sledge det 8 sledge sledge NOUN Number=Sing 5 call xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 call punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present we UK the UK vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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