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smog

Who acts: children, Smog, London, terrible smog, We, Cleaner cars · What happens: cause, mix, cover, stay, come, have · To what, where: cars, city, car fumes, terrible smog, mountains, smog

«smog» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: smog in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Dirty, smoky, foggy air over a city, caused by pollution from cars, factories and fires, often mixed with fog.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 air	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Dirty	punct
3	smoky	smoky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 air	amod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 smoky	punct
5	foggy	foggy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 air	amod
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	over	over	ADP	_	9 city	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 city	det
9	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 air	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 caused	punct
11	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 air	conj
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 pollution	case
13	pollution	pollution	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 caused	obl
14	from	from	ADP	_	15 cars	case
15	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 pollution	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 factories	punct
17	factories	factory	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 cars	conj
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 fires	cc
19	fires	fire	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 cars	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 mixed	punct
21	often	often	ADV	_	22 mixed	advmod
22	mixed	mix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 cars	acl
23	with	with	ADP	_	24 fog	case
24	fog	fog	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 mixed	obl
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 air	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	participle						by pollution from cars and factories and fires	vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
2	mix	participle		cars and factories and fires not said here				with fog; often property	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with fog=Co-Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

The city was covered in thick brown smog.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 city	det
2	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	aux:pass
4	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 smog	case
6	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 smog	amod
7	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 smog	amod
8	smog	smog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 covered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	past · passive		the city				in thick brown smog	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in smog=Theme

Example 2

On smog days, children with asthma should stay inside.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	3 days	case
2	smog	smog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 days	compound
3	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 stay	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 days	punct
5	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 stay	nsubj
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 asthma	case
7	asthma	asthma	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 children	nmod
8	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 stay	aux
9	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	inside	inside	ADV	_	9 stay	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 stay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	should	children with asthma				day	inside property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 3

Smog comes from car fumes and factory smoke.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Smog	smog	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 fumes	case
4	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fumes	compound
5	fumes	fume	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 comes	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 smoke	cc
7	factory	factory	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 smoke	compound
8	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fumes	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 comes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Smog			car fumes and factory smoke			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from fume=Initial_Location

Example 4

London once had a terrible smog that lasted for days.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 had	nsubj
2	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 had	advmod
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 smog	det
5	terrible	terrible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 smog	amod
6	smog	smog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obj
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 lasted	nsubj
8	lasted	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 smog	acl:relcl
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 days	case
10	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lasted	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	London	a terrible smog				once property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smog=Patient
2	last	past	a terrible smog				day		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme

Example 5

We couldn't see the mountains through the smog.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 see	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 see	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 see	advmod
4	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 mountains	det
6	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 see	obj
7	through	through	ADP	_	9 smog	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 smog	det
9	smog	smog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 see	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 see	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not see	could	We	the mountains		the smog			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mountain=Stimulus

Example 6

Cleaner cars help reduce smog.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cleaner	cleaner	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cars	compound
2	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 help	nsubj
3	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	reduce	reduce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 help	xcomp
5	smog	smog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reduce	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Cleaner cars						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	reduce	infinitive	Cleaner cars not said here	smog					vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer smog=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/smog/