smoke Who acts: grey cloud, horse, steam, chimney, Smoke, smoke alarm · What happens: rise, give off, breathe, keep, give, run · To what, where: something burning, smoke, fish, flavour, much, body
«smoke» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: smoke in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The grey, black or white cloud that rises from something burning.
det amod punct conj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl case compound obl punct root The DET grey ADJ , PUNCT black ADJ or CCONJ white ADJ cloud NOUN that PRON rises VERB from ADP something PRON burning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cloud det 2 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cloud amod 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 black punct 4 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 2 grey conj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 white cc 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 2 grey conj 7 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 rises nsubj 9 rises rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cloud acl:relcl 10 from from ADP _ 12 burning case 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 burning compound 12 burning burning NOUN Number=Sing 9 rises obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 cloud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise present the grey cloud something burning vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from burning=Initial_Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 As a verb, to give off smoke.
case det obl punct mark compound:prt obj punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT to PART give VERB off ADP smoke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 verb case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 verb det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 6 give obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 give punct 5 to to PART _ 6 give mark 6 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 off off ADP _ 6 give compound:prt 8 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 6 give obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give off to-infinitive smoke as a verb vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source smoke=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"The chimney is smoking."
punct det nsubj aux punct punct root " PUNCT The DET chimney NOUN is AUX smoking VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 smoking punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 chimney det 3 chimney chimney NOUN Number=Sing 5 smoking nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 smoking aux 5 smoking smoke VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 smoking punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 5 smoking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smoke in a quote present · progressive the chimney vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 As a verb, to breathe in smoke from a cigarette or pipe.
case det obl punct mark case obl case det obl cc conj punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT to PART breathe VERB in ADP smoke NOUN from ADP a DET cigarette NOUN or CCONJ pipe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 verb case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 verb det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 6 breathe obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 breathe punct 5 to to PART _ 6 breathe mark 6 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 smoke case 8 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 6 breathe obl 9 from from ADP _ 11 cigarette case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 cigarette det 11 cigarette cigarette NOUN Number=Sing 6 breathe obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 pipe cc 13 pipe pipe NOUN Number=Sing 11 cigarette conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 breathe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe to-infinitive smoke as a verb; from a cigarette or pipe vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 As a verb, to keep fish or meat in smoke to give flavour.
The tree, 13 words case det obl punct mark obj cc conj case obl mark advcl obj punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT to PART keep VERB fish NOUN or CCONJ meat NOUN in ADP smoke NOUN to PART give VERB flavour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 verb case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 verb det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 6 keep obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 keep punct 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 6 keep obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 meat cc 9 meat meat NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish conj 10 in in ADP _ 11 smoke case 11 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 6 keep obl 12 to to PART _ 13 give mark 13 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 keep advcl 14 flavour flavour NOUN Number=Sing 13 give obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep to-infinitive fish or meat smoke as a verb vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent fish=Theme in smoke=Location 2 give to-infinitive flavour vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flavour=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"smoked salmon".
punct amod punct punct root " PUNCT smoked VERB salmon NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 salmon punct 2 smoked smoke VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 salmon amod 3 salmon salmon NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 salmon punct 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 salmon punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smoke in a quote participle vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 When a horse runs very hard, it sweats so much that steam rises from its body, looking like smoke.
The tree, 19 words advmod det nsubj advcl advmod advmod punct nsubj advmod obj mark nsubj advcl case nmod:poss obl punct advcl case obl punct root When ADV a DET horse NOUN runs VERB very ADV hard ADV , PUNCT it PRON sweats VERB so ADV much ADJ that SCONJ steam NOUN rises VERB from ADP its PRON body NOUN , PUNCT looking VERB like ADP smoke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 runs advmod 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 horse det 3 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 4 runs nsubj 4 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 sweats advcl 5 very very ADV _ 6 hard advmod 6 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 4 runs advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 runs punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 sweats nsubj 9 sweats sweat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 so so ADV _ 11 much advmod 11 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sweats obj 12 that that SCONJ _ 14 rises mark 13 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 14 rises nsubj 14 rises rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 much advcl 15 from from ADP _ 17 body case 16 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 body nmod:poss 17 body body NOUN Number=Sing 14 rises obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 looking punct 19 looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 sweats advcl 20 like like ADP _ 21 smoke case 21 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 19 looking obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 9 sweats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present a horse hard property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 sweat present horse much vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent much=Theme 3 rise present steam steam's body vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from body=Initial_Location 4 look gerund horse not said here like smoke vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 1 Smoke came out of the chimney.
nsubj case case det obl punct root Smoke NOUN came VERB out ADP of ADP the DET chimney NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 6 chimney case 4 of of ADP _ 6 chimney case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 chimney det 6 chimney chimney NOUN Number=Sing 2 came obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come out past Smoke the chimney vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient chimney=Result
Example 2 If there is smoke, crawl low to get out.
mark expl advcl nsubj punct advmod mark advcl advmod punct root If SCONJ there PRON is VERB smoke NOUN , PUNCT crawl VERB low ADV to PART get VERB out ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 is mark 2 there there PRON PronType=Dem 3 is expl 3 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 crawl advcl 4 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 3 is nsubj 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 is punct 6 crawl crawl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 low low ADV Degree=Pos 6 crawl advmod 8 to to PART _ 9 get mark 9 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 crawl advcl 10 out out ADV _ 9 get advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 crawl punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be a condition, not said to happen present smoke there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 crawl present low property vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 get out to-infinitive out property vn withdraw-82-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The smoke alarm beeped.
det compound nsubj punct root The DET smoke NOUN alarm NOUN beeped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 alarm det 2 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 3 alarm compound 3 alarm alarm NOUN Number=Sing 4 beeped nsubj 4 beeped beep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 beeped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beep participle the smoke alarm vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Smoking is bad for your lungs.
nsubj cop case nmod:poss obl punct root Smoking NOUN is AUX bad ADJ for ADP your PRON lungs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smoking smoking NOUN Number=Sing 3 bad nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 bad cop 3 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 lungs case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 lungs nmod:poss 6 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 3 bad obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 bad punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Smoking for your lungs; bad property tree rules
Example 5 Smoke rises because it is hot.
nsubj mark nsubj cop advcl punct root Smoke NOUN rises VERB because SCONJ it PRON is AUX hot ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 2 rises nsubj 2 rises rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 because because SCONJ _ 6 hot mark 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 hot nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 hot cop 6 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 2 rises advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 rises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise present Smoke vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present Smoke hot property tree rules
Example 6 The toast is burning — I can see smoke!
det nsubj aux punct nsubj aux advcl obj punct root The DET toast NOUN is AUX burning VERB — PUNCT I PRON can AUX see VERB smoke NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 toast det 2 toast toast NOUN Number=Sing 4 burning nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 burning aux 4 burning burn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 — - PUNCT _ 8 see punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 see nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 see aux 8 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 burning advcl 9 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 8 see obj 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 burning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn present · progressive the toast vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 see can I smoke vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer smoke=Stimulus
Example 7 Our plans went up in smoke.
nmod:poss nsubj compound:prt case obl punct root Our PRON plans NOUN went VERB up ADP in ADP smoke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 plans nmod:poss 2 plans plan NOUN Number=Plur 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 went compound:prt 5 in in ADP _ 6 smoke case 6 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 3 went obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go up past Our plans in smoke vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in smoke=Attribute 2 plan Our nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 This is a no-smoking area.
nsubj cop det det punct compound punct root This PRON is AUX a DET no DET - PUNCT smoking NOUN area NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 area nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 area cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 area det 4 no no DET PronType=Neg 6 smoking det 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 no punct 6 smoking smoking NOUN Number=Sing 7 area compound 7 area area NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 area punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present This a smoking area tree rules
Example 9 The horses ran till they smoked.
det nsubj mark nsubj advcl punct root The DET horses NOUN ran VERB till SCONJ they PRON smoked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 horses det 2 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 3 ran nsubj 3 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 till till SCONJ _ 6 smoked mark 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 smoked nsubj 6 smoked smoke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 ran advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past the horses vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 smoke past horses = horse vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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