sneer Who acts: unkind way, you, someone, sneer, lip, fun · What happens: sneer, be, speak, show, think, not be · To what, where: unkind way, smile, something, old trainers, sneer, drawings · Speech: someone speaks here
«sneer» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sneer in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To sneer is to smile or speak in an unkind way that shows you think someone or something is not good enough.
The tree, 22 words mark csubj cop mark cc conj case det amod obl nsubj acl:relcl nsubj ccomp nsubj cc conj cop advmod ccomp advmod punct root To PART sneer VERB is AUX to PART smile VERB or CCONJ speak VERB in ADP an DET unkind ADJ way NOUN that PRON shows VERB you PRON think VERB someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON is AUX not PART good ADJ enough ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sneer mark 2 sneer sneer VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 smile csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 smile cop 4 to to PART _ 5 smile mark 5 smile smile VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 speak cc 7 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 smile conj 8 in in ADP _ 11 way case 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 way det 10 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos 11 way amod 11 way way NOUN Number=Sing 7 speak obl 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 shows nsubj 13 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 way acl:relcl 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 think nsubj 15 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 shows ccomp 16 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 21 good nsubj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 something cc 18 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 16 someone conj 19 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 good cop 20 not not PART Polarity=Neg 21 good advmod 21 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 15 think ccomp 22 enough enough ADV _ 21 good advmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 smile punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sneer to-infinitive vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present smile property tree rules 3 speak speech: other infinitive a unkind way vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 show present a unkind way vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 think speech: other present you vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 6 not is present someone enough, good property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A sneer is that unkind, mocking smile, often with one side of the lip lifted.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop mark punct advcl obj punct advmod case nummod obl mark det nsubj advcl punct root A DET sneer NOUN is AUX that SCONJ unkind ADJ , PUNCT mocking VERB smile NOUN , PUNCT often ADV with ADP one NUM side NOUN of SCONJ the DET lip NOUN lifted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sneer det 2 sneer sneer NOUN Number=Sing 5 unkind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 unkind cop 4 that that SCONJ _ 5 unkind mark 5 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 mocking punct 7 mocking mock VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 unkind advcl 8 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 7 mocking obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 side punct 10 often often ADV _ 13 side advmod 11 with with ADP _ 13 side case 12 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 13 side nummod 13 side side NOUN Number=Sing 7 mocking obl 14 of of SCONJ _ 17 lifted mark 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 lip det 16 lip lip NOUN Number=Sing 17 lifted nsubj 17 lifted lift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 side advcl 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 unkind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a sneer unkind property tree rules 2 mock gerund a sneer not said here smile with one side vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smile=Theme 3 lift past the lip vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To sneer at something is to make fun of it as if it were worthless.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl case obl cop mark obj case nmod mark mark nsubj cop xcomp punct root To PART sneer VERB at ADP something PRON is AUX to PART make VERB fun NOUN of ADP it PRON as SCONJ if SCONJ it PRON were AUX worthless ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sneer mark 2 sneer sneer VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 make advcl 3 at at ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 sneer obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 make cop 6 to to PART _ 7 make mark 7 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 fun fun NOUN Number=Sing 7 make obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 it case 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 fun nmod 11 as as SCONJ _ 15 worthless mark 12 if if SCONJ _ 15 worthless mark 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 worthless nsubj 14 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 worthless cop 15 worthless worthless ADJ Degree=Pos 7 make xcomp 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sneer to-infinitive something vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present make property tree rules 3 is a condition, not said to happen past fun worthless property tree rules
Example 1 The bully sneered at my old trainers.
det nsubj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root The DET bully NOUN sneered VERB at ADP my PRON old ADJ trainers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bully det 2 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing 3 sneered nsubj 3 sneered sneer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 7 trainers case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 trainers nmod:poss 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 trainers amod 7 trainers trainer NOUN Number=Plur 3 sneered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sneered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sneer past the bully my old trainers vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 «Is that the best you can do?» he said with a sneer.
The tree, 12 words punct cop mark det nsubj nsubj aux parataxis punct punct nsubj case det obl punct root « PUNCT Is AUX that SCONJ the DET best ADJ you PRON can AUX do VERB ? PUNCT » PUNCT he PRON said VERB with ADP a DET sneer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 8 do punct 2 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 do cop 3 that that SCONJ _ 8 do mark 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 best det 5 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 8 do nsubj 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 do nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 do aux 8 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 said parataxis 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 8 do punct 10 » » PUNCT _ 8 do punct 11 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 said nsubj 12 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 13 with with ADP _ 15 sneer case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 sneer det 15 sneer sneer NOUN Number=Sing 12 said obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 12 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote can · present the best do property tree rules 2 say speech: ask past he with a sneer vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 3 The villain's face twisted into a sneer.
det nmod:poss case nsubj case det obl punct root The DET villain NOUN 's PART face NOUN twisted VERB into ADP a DET sneer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 villain det 2 villain villain NOUN Number=Sing 4 face nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 villain case 4 face face NOUN Number=Sing 5 twisted nsubj 5 twisted twist VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 into into ADP _ 8 sneer case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sneer det 8 sneer sneer NOUN Number=Sing 5 twisted obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 twisted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 twist past the villain's face a sneer vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into sneer=Trajectory
Example 4 Don't sneer at other people's drawings.
aux advmod case amod nmod:poss case obl punct root Do AUX n't PART sneer VERB at ADP other ADJ people NOUN 's PART drawings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 sneer aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 sneer advmod 3 sneer sneer VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 8 drawings case 5 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 6 people amod 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 drawings nmod:poss 7 's 's PART _ 6 people case 8 drawings drawing NOUN Number=Plur 3 sneer obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sneer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not sneer imperative · do-support you not said here other people's drawings vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 draw other people nom drawing «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 She sneered when he dropped the ball.
nsubj advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root She PRON sneered VERB when ADV he PRON dropped VERB the DET ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sneered nsubj 2 sneered sneer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 dropped advmod 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 dropped nsubj 5 dropped drop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 sneered advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ball det 7 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 5 dropped obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sneered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sneer past She vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 drop past he the ball vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme
Example 6 Some people sneered at the idea, but it worked.
det nsubj case det obl punct cc nsubj conj punct root Some DET people NOUN sneered VERB at ADP the DET idea NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ it PRON worked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 sneered nsubj 3 sneered sneer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 6 idea case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 idea det 6 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 3 sneered obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 worked punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 10 worked cc 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 worked nsubj 10 worked work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 sneered conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 sneered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sneer past some people the idea vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 work past idea vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 His sneer made Tom feel small.
nmod:poss nsubj obj xcomp xcomp punct root His PRON sneer NOUN made VERB Tom PROPN feel VERB small ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 sneer nmod:poss 2 sneer sneer NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 3 made obj 5 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 made xcomp 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 5 feel xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past His sneer Tom tree rules 2 feel infinitive Tom not said here small property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 3 sneer His = he nom sneer «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 The rich man sneered at the poor farmer.
det amod acl case det amod obl punct root The DET rich ADJ man NOUN sneered VERB at ADP the DET poor ADJ farmer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 man det 2 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos 3 man amod 3 man man NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 sneered sneer VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 man acl 5 at at ADP _ 8 farmer case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 farmer det 7 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 8 farmer amod 8 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 4 sneered obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 man punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sneer participle the rich man not said here at the poor farmer vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 “Lots of little boys,” sneered Liza.
punct nsubj case amod nmod punct punct obj punct root “ PUNCT Lots NOUN of ADP little ADJ boys NOUN , PUNCT ” PUNCT sneered VERB Liza PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 2 Lots punct 2 Lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 8 sneered nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 boys case 4 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 5 boys amod 5 boys boy NOUN Number=Plur 2 Lots nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 Lots punct 7 ” " PUNCT _ 2 Lots punct 8 sneered sneer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 Liza Liza PROPN Number=Sing 8 sneered obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 sneered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sneer past Lots of little boys Liza vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent liza=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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