sonar Who acts: Sonar, way, machine, Animals, natural kind, Fishing boats · What happens: be, find, send out, listen, do, use · To what, where: way, things, water, sound waves, machine, this · Speech: someone speaks here
«sonar» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sonar in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Sonar is a way of finding things under water by sending out sound waves and listening for their echoes.
The tree, 19 words nsubj cop det mark acl obj case obl mark advcl compound:prt compound obj cc conj case nmod:poss obl punct root Sonar NOUN is AUX a DET way NOUN of SCONJ finding VERB things NOUN under ADP water NOUN by SCONJ sending VERB out ADP sound NOUN waves NOUN and CCONJ listening VERB for ADP their PRON echoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing 4 way nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 way det 4 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 finding mark 6 finding find VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 way acl 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 6 finding obj 8 under under ADP _ 9 water case 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 finding obl 10 by by SCONJ _ 11 sending mark 11 sending send VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 finding advcl 12 out out ADP _ 11 sending compound:prt 13 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 14 waves compound 14 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 11 sending obj 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 listening cc 16 listening listen VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 sending conj 17 for for ADP _ 19 echoes case 18 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 echoes nmod:poss 19 echoes echo NOUN Number=Plur 16 listening obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sonar a way tree rules 2 find gerund a way not said here things water vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic 3 send out gerund a way not said here sound waves vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wave=Theme 4 listen gerund a way not said here for waves's echoes vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Sonar is also the machine that does this, used by ships and submarines.
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop advmod det nsubj acl:relcl obj punct advcl case obl cc conj punct root Sonar NOUN is AUX also ADV the DET machine NOUN that PRON does VERB this PRON , PUNCT used VERB by ADP ships NOUN and CCONJ submarines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing 5 machine nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 machine cop 3 also also ADV _ 5 machine advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 machine det 5 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 does nsubj 7 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 machine acl:relcl 8 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 does obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 used punct 10 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 does advcl 11 by by ADP _ 12 ships case 12 ships ship NOUN Number=Plur 10 used obl 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 submarines cc 14 submarines submarine NOUN Number=Plur 12 ships conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 machine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sonar the machine tree rules 2 do present the machine this vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality 3 use participle the machine not said here by ships and submarines vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Animals such as bats and dolphins use a natural kind of sonar called echolocation.
The tree, 14 words nsubj case fixed nmod cc conj det amod obj case nmod acl xcomp punct root Animals NOUN such ADJ as ADP bats NOUN and CCONJ dolphins NOUN use VERB a DET natural ADJ kind NOUN of ADP sonar NOUN called VERB echolocation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 7 use nsubj 2 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 4 bats case 3 as as ADP _ 2 such fixed 4 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 1 Animals nmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 dolphins cc 6 dolphins dolphin NOUN Number=Plur 4 bats conj 7 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 kind det 9 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 10 kind amod 10 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 7 use obj 11 of of ADP _ 12 sonar case 12 sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing 10 kind nmod 13 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 kind acl 14 echolocation echolocation NOUN Number=Sing 13 called xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Animals such bats and dolphins a natural kind of sonar vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient 2 call participle a natural kind of sonar not said here echolocation vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The submarine used sonar to find the shipwreck.
det nsubj amod mark acl det obj punct root The DET submarine NOUN used VERB sonar NOUN to PART find VERB the DET shipwreck NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 submarine det 2 submarine submarine NOUN Number=Sing 4 sonar nsubj 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 sonar amod 4 sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to PART _ 6 find mark 6 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 sonar acl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 shipwreck det 8 shipwreck shipwreck NOUN Number=Sing 6 find obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 sonar punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 find to-infinitive the shipwreck vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shipwreck=Topic
Example 2 Fishing boats use sonar to find shoals of fish.
compound nsubj obj mark advcl obj case nmod punct root Fishing NOUN boats NOUN use VERB sonar NOUN to PART find VERB shoals NOUN of ADP fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fishing fishing NOUN Number=Sing 2 boats compound 2 boats boat NOUN Number=Plur 3 use nsubj 3 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing 3 use obj 5 to to PART _ 6 find mark 6 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 use advcl 7 shoals shoal NOUN Number=Plur 6 find obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 fish case 9 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 7 shoals nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Fishing boats sonar vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sonar=Patient 2 find to-infinitive Fishing boats not said here shoals of fish vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoal=Topic
Example 3 Bats use a kind of natural sonar to catch moths.
nsubj det obj case amod nmod mark advcl obj punct root Bats NOUN use VERB a DET kind NOUN of ADP natural ADJ sonar NOUN to PART catch VERB moths NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 kind det 4 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 sonar case 6 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sonar amod 7 sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing 4 kind nmod 8 to to PART _ 9 catch mark 9 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 10 moths moth NOUN Number=Plur 9 catch obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Bats a kind of natural sonar vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient 2 catch to-infinitive Bats not said here moths vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme
Example 4 The sonar screen showed a large shape below the ship.
det compound nsubj det amod obj case det nmod punct root The DET sonar NOUN screen NOUN showed VERB a DET large ADJ shape NOUN below ADP the DET ship NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 screen det 2 sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing 3 screen compound 3 screen screen NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed nsubj 4 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 shape det 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 shape amod 7 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed obj 8 below below ADP _ 10 ship case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 ship det 10 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 7 shape nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the sonar screen a large shape the ship vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent shape=Recipient
Example 5 Sonar works by sending out sound and listening for the echo.
nsubj mark advcl compound:prt obj cc conj case det obl punct root Sonar NOUN works VERB by SCONJ sending VERB out ADP sound NOUN and CCONJ listening VERB for ADP the DET echo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing 2 works nsubj 2 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 by by SCONJ _ 4 sending mark 4 sending send VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 works advcl 5 out out ADP _ 4 sending compound:prt 6 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 4 sending obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 listening cc 8 listening listen VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 sending conj 9 for for ADP _ 11 echo case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 echo det 11 echo echo NOUN Number=Sing 8 listening obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present Sonar vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 send out gerund Sonar not said here sound vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme 3 listen gerund Sonar not said here for the echo vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme
Example 6 Dolphins find food with echolocation, which is like sonar.
nsubj obj case obl punct nsubj cop case conj punct root Dolphins NOUN find VERB food NOUN with ADP echolocation NOUN , PUNCT which PRON is AUX like ADP sonar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dolphins dolphin NOUN Number=Plur 2 find nsubj 2 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 find obj 4 with with ADP _ 5 echolocation case 5 echolocation echolocation NOUN Number=Sing 2 find obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 sonar punct 7 which which PRON PronType=Rel 10 sonar nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 sonar cop 9 like like ADP _ 10 sonar case 10 sonar sonar NOUN Number=Sing 5 echolocation conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 find punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find present Dolphins food with echolocation and sonar vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic 2 is present echolocation and sonar like sonar tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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