southward Who acts: Southward, birds, geese, ship, We, river · What happens: mean, fly, turn, walk, flow, move · To what, where: Africa, coast, team, South Pole, bridge
«southward» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: southward in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Southward means towards the south: a southward journey, birds flying southward.
nsubj case det obl punct det amod parataxis punct nmod acl advmod punct root Southward NOUN means VERB towards ADP the DET south NOUN : PUNCT a DET southward ADJ journey NOUN , PUNCT birds NOUN flying VERB southward ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Southward southward NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 towards towards ADP _ 5 south case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 south det 5 south south NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 journey punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 journey det 8 southward southward ADJ Degree=Pos 9 journey amod 9 journey journey NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 birds punct 11 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 9 journey nmod 12 flying fly VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 birds acl 13 southward southward ADV _ 12 flying advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Southward towards the south vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 fly gerund birds not said here southward property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The geese flew southward for the winter.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET geese NOUN flew VERB southward ADV for ADP the DET winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 geese det 2 geese goose NOUN Number=Plur 3 flew nsubj 3 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 southward southward ADV _ 3 flew advmod 5 for for ADP _ 7 winter case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 winter det 7 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past the geese winter southward property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 The ship turned southward towards Africa.
det nsubj advmod case obl punct root The DET ship NOUN turned VERB southward ADV towards ADP Africa PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ship det 2 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 3 turned nsubj 3 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 southward southward ADV _ 3 turned advmod 5 towards towards ADP _ 6 Africa case 6 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 3 turned obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past the ship Africa southward property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme towards africa=Trajectory
Example 3 We walked southwards along the coast.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root We PRON walked VERB southwards ADV along ADP the DET coast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 southwards southwards ADV _ 2 walked advmod 4 along along ADP _ 6 coast case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 coast det 6 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past We the coast southwards property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along coast=Trajectory
Example 4 The river flows southward to the sea.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET river NOUN flows VERB southward ADV to ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 river det 2 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 flows nsubj 3 flows flow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 southward southward ADV _ 3 flows advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 sea case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sea det 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 3 flows obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 flows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flow present the river to the sea; southward property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The storm is moving southward.
det nsubj aux advmod punct root The DET storm NOUN is AUX moving VERB southward ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 storm det 2 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 4 moving nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 moving aux 4 moving move VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 southward southward ADV _ 4 moving advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 moving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move present · progressive the storm southward property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Scott led his team southward to the South Pole.
nsubj nmod:poss obj advmod case det compound obl punct root Scott PROPN led VERB his PRON team NOUN southward ADV to ADP the DET South PROPN Pole PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scott Scott PROPN Number=Sing 2 led nsubj 2 led lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 team nmod:poss 4 team team NOUN Number=Sing 2 led obj 5 southward southward ADV _ 2 led advmod 6 to to ADP _ 9 Pole case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Pole det 8 South South PROPN Number=Sing 9 Pole compound 9 Pole Pole PROPN Number=Sing 2 led obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 led punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lead past Scott Scott's team the South Pole southward property vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent team=Theme to pole=Destination
Example 7 Head southward until you reach the bridge.
nsubj advmod mark nsubj det obj punct root Head NOUN southward ADV until SCONJ you PRON reach VERB the DET bridge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Head head NOUN Number=Sing 5 reach nsubj 2 southward southward ADV _ 5 reach advmod 3 until until SCONJ _ 5 reach mark 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 reach nsubj 5 reach reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bridge det 7 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 5 reach obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 reach punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reach present Head the bridge southward property vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent bridge=Theme
Example 8 First she journeyed southward, quite down into the German land.
advmod nsubj advmod punct advmod advmod case det amod obl punct root First ADV she PRON journeyed VERB southward ADV , PUNCT quite ADV down ADV into ADP the DET German ADJ land NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 First first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 journeyed advmod 2 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 journeyed nsubj 3 journeyed journey VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 southward southward ADV _ 3 journeyed advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 down punct 6 quite quite ADV _ 7 down advmod 7 down down ADV _ 3 journeyed advmod 8 into into ADP _ 11 land case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 land det 10 German German ADJ Degree=Pos 11 land amod 11 land land NOUN Number=Sing 7 down obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 journeyed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 journey past she down, first, southward property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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