spade Who acts: spade, Spades, Dad, I, ace, you · What happens: be, use, dig, show, plant, take · To what, where: garden tool, small plastic tool, sand, one, four suits, hole · Speech: someone speaks here
«spade» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spade in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A spade is a garden tool with a long handle and a flat metal blade, used for digging.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det compound case det amod nmod cc det amod compound conj punct acl case obl punct root A DET spade NOUN is AUX a DET garden NOUN tool NOUN with ADP a DET long ADJ handle NOUN and CCONJ a DET flat ADJ metal NOUN blade NOUN , PUNCT used VERB for ADP digging NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spade det 2 spade spade NOUN Number=Sing 6 tool nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tool cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 tool det 5 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 6 tool compound 6 tool tool NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 10 handle case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 handle det 9 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 10 handle amod 10 handle handle NOUN Number=Sing 6 tool nmod 11 and and CCONJ _ 15 blade cc 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 blade det 13 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 15 blade amod 14 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 15 blade compound 15 blade blade NOUN Number=Sing 10 handle conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 used punct 17 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 tool acl 18 for for ADP _ 19 digging case 19 digging digging NOUN Number=Sing 17 used obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 tool punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spade a garden tool with a long handle and a flat metal blade tree rules 2 use participle a garden tool not said here for digging vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A spade is a small plastic tool for digging in sand at the beach.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det amod compound mark advcl case obl case det obl punct root A DET spade NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ plastic NOUN tool NOUN for SCONJ digging VERB in ADP sand NOUN at ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spade det 2 spade spade NOUN Number=Sing 7 tool nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 tool cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 tool det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 tool amod 6 plastic plastic NOUN Number=Sing 7 tool compound 7 tool tool NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 for for SCONJ _ 9 digging mark 9 digging dig VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 tool advcl 10 in in ADP _ 11 sand case 11 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 9 digging obl 12 at at ADP _ 14 beach case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 beach det 14 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 9 digging obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 tool punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spade a small plastic tool tree rules 2 dig gerund a spade not said here sand at the beach vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at beach=Theme
Meaning 3 Spades are one of the four suits in a pack of playing cards, shown by a black ♠ shape.
The tree, 19 words nsubj cop case det nummod nmod case det nmod case compound nmod punct acl case det amod compound obl punct root Spades NOUN are AUX one NUM of ADP the DET four NUM suits NOUN in ADP a DET pack NOUN of ADP playing NOUN cards NOUN , PUNCT shown VERB by ADP a DET black ADJ ♠ NOUN shape NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spades spade NOUN Number=Plur 3 one nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 one cop 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 4 of of ADP _ 7 suits case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 suits det 6 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 suits nummod 7 suits suit NOUN Number=Plur 3 one nmod 8 in in ADP _ 10 pack case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 pack det 10 pack pack NOUN Number=Sing 7 suits nmod 11 of of ADP _ 13 cards case 12 playing playing NOUN Number=Sing 13 cards compound 13 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 10 pack nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 shown punct 15 shown show VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 suits acl 16 by by ADP _ 20 shape case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 shape det 18 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 20 shape amod 19 ♠ ♠ NOUN Number=Sing 20 shape compound 20 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 15 shown obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Spades one of the four suits in a pack of playing cards tree rules 2 show participle the four suits in a pack of playing cards not said here by a black ♠ shape vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Dad dug a hole with the spade to plant the tree.
nsubj det obj case det nmod mark advcl det obj punct root Dad NOUN dug VERB a DET hole NOUN with ADP the DET spade NOUN to PART plant VERB the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 dug nsubj 2 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 hole det 4 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing 2 dug obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 spade case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 spade det 7 spade spade NOUN Number=Sing 4 hole nmod 8 to to PART _ 9 plant mark 9 plant plant VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 dug advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 tree det 11 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 9 plant obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig past Dad a hole with the spade vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.instsrument»: agent=Agent hole=Theme with spade=Instrument 2 plant to-infinitive Dad not said here the tree vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient
Example 2 I took my bucket and spade to the beach.
nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj case det obl punct root I PRON took VERB my PRON bucket NOUN and CCONJ spade NOUN to ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bucket nmod:poss 4 bucket bucket NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 spade cc 6 spade spade NOUN Number=Sing 4 bucket conj 7 to to ADP _ 9 beach case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 beach det 9 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past I my bucket and spade the beach vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bucket=Theme to beach=Destination
Example 3 The ace of spades is a black card.
det nsubj case nmod cop det amod punct root The DET ace NOUN of ADP spades NOUN is AUX a DET black ADJ card NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ace det 2 ace ace NOUN Number=Sing 8 card nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 spades case 4 spades spade NOUN Number=Plur 2 ace nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 card cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 card det 7 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 8 card amod 8 card card NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 card punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the ace of spades a black card tree rules
Example 4 Clean the spade after you use it.
det obj mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Clean VERB the DET spade NOUN after SCONJ you PRON use VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Clean clean VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 spade det 3 spade spade NOUN Number=Sing 1 Clean obj 4 after after SCONJ _ 6 use mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 use nsubj 6 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Clean advcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 use obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Clean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clean imperative you not said here the spade vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent spade=Patient 2 use present you spade vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 5 We used a spade to dig up potatoes.
nsubj det obj mark advcl compound:prt obj punct root We PRON used VERB a DET spade NOUN to PART dig VERB up ADP potatoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 spade det 4 spade spade NOUN Number=Sing 2 used obj 5 to to PART _ 6 dig mark 6 dig dig VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used advcl 7 up up ADP _ 6 dig compound:prt 8 potatoes potato NOUN Number=Plur 6 dig obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past We a spade vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spade=Patient 2 dig up to-infinitive We not said here potatoes vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent potato=Theme
Example 6 She likes to call a spade a spade and say what she thinks.
nsubj mark xcomp det obj det xcomp cc conj obj nsubj ccomp punct root She PRON likes VERB to PART call VERB a DET spade NOUN a DET spade NOUN and CCONJ say VERB what PRON she PRON thinks VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 likes nsubj 2 likes like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 call mark 4 call call VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 likes xcomp 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 spade det 6 spade spade NOUN Number=Sing 4 call obj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 spade det 8 spade spade NOUN Number=Sing 4 call xcomp 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 say cc 10 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 call conj 11 what what PRON PronType=Int 13 thinks obj 12 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 thinks nsubj 13 thinks think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 say ccomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 likes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 like present She vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 call not said to happen to-infinitive She not said here a spade vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent spade=Recipient 3 say speech: assert infinitive She not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 think speech: other present she vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme
Example 7 There are 13 spades in a pack of cards.
expl nummod nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 13 NUM spades NOUN in ADP a DET pack NOUN of ADP cards NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 13 13 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 spades nummod 4 spades spade NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 7 pack case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pack det 7 pack pack NOUN Number=Sing 2 are obl 8 of of ADP _ 9 cards case 9 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 7 pack nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 13 spades a pack of cards; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pack=Location
Example 8 The spade struck against a hard substance; it was a stone, that shone dazzling white.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj case det amod obl punct nsubj cop det obl punct nsubj acl:relcl xcomp obj punct root The DET spade NOUN struck VERB against ADP a DET hard ADJ substance NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON was AUX a DET stone NOUN , PUNCT that PRON shone VERB dazzling VERB white ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 spade det 2 spade spade NOUN Number=Sing 3 struck nsubj 3 struck strike VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 against against ADP _ 7 substance case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 substance det 6 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 7 substance amod 7 substance substance NOUN Number=Sing 3 struck obl 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 stone punct 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 stone nsubj 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 stone cop 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 stone det 12 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 3 struck obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 shone punct 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 shone nsubj 15 shone shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 stone acl:relcl 16 dazzling dazzle VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 shone xcomp 17 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 16 dazzling obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 struck punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 strike past the spade a hard substance vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against substance=Location 2 is a past spade a stone tree rules 3 shine past a stone tree rules 4 dazzle gerund a stone not said here white vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus white=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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