sparring Who acts: sparring, practice, spar, We, You, sparring partner · What happens: be, fight, use, hit, train, not hurt · To what, where: practice, boxing, light, safety gear, friendly way, quick clever remarks · Speech: someone speaks here
«sparring» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sparring in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In boxing and martial arts, sparring is practice fighting with a partner, using light hits and safety gear, to train, not to hurt.
The tree, 23 words case obl cc amod conj punct nsubj cop nsubj acl case det obl punct conj obj cc compound obl punct mark parataxis punct advmod mark conj punct root In ADP boxing NOUN and CCONJ martial ADJ arts NOUN , PUNCT sparring NOUN is AUX practice NOUN fighting VERB with ADP a DET partner NOUN , PUNCT using VERB light NOUN hits VERB and CCONJ safety NOUN gear NOUN , PUNCT to PART train VERB , PUNCT not PART to PART hurt VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 boxing case 2 boxing boxing NOUN Number=Sing 9 practice obl 3 and and CCONJ _ 5 arts cc 4 martial martial ADJ Degree=Pos 5 arts amod 5 arts art NOUN Number=Plur 2 boxing conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 boxing punct 7 sparring sparring NOUN Number=Sing 9 practice nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 practice cop 9 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 17 hits nsubj 10 fighting fight VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 practice acl 11 with with ADP _ 13 partner case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 partner det 13 partner partner NOUN Number=Sing 10 fighting obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 using punct 15 using use VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 fighting conj 16 light light NOUN Number=Sing 15 using obj 17 hits hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 18 and and CCONJ _ 20 gear cc 19 safety safety NOUN Number=Sing 20 gear compound 20 gear gear NOUN Number=Sing 17 hits obl 21 , , PUNCT _ 23 train punct 22 to to PART _ 23 train mark 23 train train VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 17 hits parataxis 24 , , PUNCT _ 27 hurt punct 25 not not PART Polarity=Neg 27 hurt advmod 26 to to PART _ 27 hurt mark 27 hurt hurt VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 23 train conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 17 hits punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present sparring practice boxing and martial arts tree rules 2 fight gerund practice not said here with a partner vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with partner=Co-Agent 3 use gerund practice not said here light vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient 4 hit present practice safety gear vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 train to-infinitive vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 6 not hurt to-infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Sparring is also arguing in a friendly or not very serious way, trading quick clever remarks.
The tree, 16 words nsubj aux advmod case det amod cc advmod advmod conj obl punct conj amod amod obj punct root Sparring NOUN is AUX also ADV arguing VERB in ADP a DET friendly ADJ or CCONJ not PART very ADV serious ADJ way NOUN , PUNCT trading VERB quick ADJ clever ADJ remarks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sparring sparring NOUN Number=Sing 4 arguing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 arguing aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 arguing advmod 4 arguing argue VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 in in ADP _ 12 way case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 way det 7 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 12 way amod 8 or or CCONJ _ 11 serious cc 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 serious advmod 10 very very ADV _ 11 serious advmod 11 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 7 friendly conj 12 way way NOUN Number=Sing 4 arguing obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 trading punct 14 trading trade VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 arguing conj 15 quick quick ADJ Degree=Pos 17 remarks amod 16 clever clever ADJ Degree=Pos 17 remarks amod 17 remarks remark NOUN Number=Plur 14 trading obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 arguing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 argue speech: disagree present · progressive Sparring a friendly way vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 trade gerund Sparring not said here quick clever remarks vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remark=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To spar means to do that practice fighting, or to argue with someone.
The tree, 13 words mark nsubj mark ccomp det obj acl punct cc mark parataxis case obl punct root To PART spar NOUN means VERB to PART do VERB that DET practice NOUN fighting VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART argue VERB with ADP someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spar mark 2 spar spar NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 do mark 5 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means ccomp 6 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 practice det 7 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 5 do obj 8 fighting fight VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 practice acl 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 argue punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 argue cc 11 to to PART _ 12 argue mark 12 argue argue VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 means parataxis 13 with with ADP _ 14 someone case 14 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 argue obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present spar vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 do not said to happen to-infinitive that practice vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent practice=Eventuality 3 fight gerund that practice not said here vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 argue speech: disagree to-infinitive with someone vn chit_chat-37.6-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with someone=Co-Agent
Example 1 We have sparring practice at karate on Fridays.
nsubj xcomp obj case obl case nmod punct root We PRON have VERB sparring VERB practice NOUN at ADP karate NOUN on ADP Fridays PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sparring spar VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 have xcomp 4 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 3 sparring obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 karate case 6 karate karate NOUN Number=Sing 3 sparring obl 7 on on ADP _ 8 Fridays case 8 Fridays Friday PROPN Number=Plur 6 karate nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present We tree rules 2 spar gerund We not said here practice karate on Fridays tree rules
Example 2 You must wear a head guard for sparring.
nsubj aux det compound obj case nmod punct root You PRON must AUX wear VERB a DET head NOUN guard NOUN for ADP sparring NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 wear nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 wear aux 3 wear wear VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 guard det 5 head head NOUN Number=Sing 6 guard compound 6 guard guard NOUN Number=Sing 3 wear obj 7 for for ADP _ 8 sparring case 8 sparring sparring NOUN Number=Sing 6 guard nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear must You a head guard for sparring vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent guard=Source
Example 3 The boxer's sparring partner helped him get ready.
det nmod:poss case compound nsubj obj xcomp xcomp punct root The DET boxer NOUN 's PART sparring NOUN partner NOUN helped VERB him PRON get VERB ready ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boxer det 2 boxer boxer NOUN Number=Sing 5 partner nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 boxer case 4 sparring sparring NOUN Number=Sing 5 partner compound 5 partner partner NOUN Number=Sing 6 helped nsubj 6 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 helped obj 8 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 helped xcomp 9 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos 8 get xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help past the boxer's sparring partner him = he vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 get infinitive him = he not said here ready property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 The two friends enjoy sparring about football.
det nummod nsubj xcomp case obl punct root The DET two NUM friends NOUN enjoy VERB sparring VERB about ADP football NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 friends det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 friends nummod 3 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 4 enjoy nsubj 4 enjoy enjoy VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 sparring spar VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 enjoy xcomp 6 about about ADP _ 7 football case 7 football football NOUN Number=Sing 5 sparring obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 enjoy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 enjoy present the two friends vn admire-31.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 spar gerund the two friends not said here about football vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.theme NP S_ING»: agent=Agent about football=Theme
Example 5 The leaders sparred on TV about taxes.
det acl case obl case obl punct root The DET leaders NOUN sparred VERB on ADP TV NOUN about ADP taxes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 leaders det 2 leaders leader NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 sparred spar VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 leaders acl 4 on on ADP _ 5 TV case 5 TV TV NOUN Number=Sing 3 sparred obl 6 about about ADP _ 7 taxes case 7 taxes tax NOUN Number=Plur 3 sparred obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 leaders punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spar participle the leaders not said here TV about taxes vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.theme NP S_ING»: agent=Agent about tax=Theme
Example 6 In taekwondo sparring, you score points for kicks.
case compound obl punct nsubj obj case obl punct root In ADP taekwondo NOUN sparring NOUN , PUNCT you PRON score VERB points NOUN for ADP kicks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 sparring case 2 taekwondo taekwondo NOUN Number=Sing 3 sparring compound 3 sparring sparring NOUN Number=Sing 6 score obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 sparring punct 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 score nsubj 6 score score VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 points point NOUN Number=Plur 6 score obj 8 for for ADP _ 9 kicks case 9 kicks kick NOUN Number=Plur 6 score obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 score punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 score present you points taekwondo sparring for kicks vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent point=Theme for kick=Source
Example 7 Sparring is not real fighting; we stop when the coach says.
nsubj cop advmod amod punct nsubj conj mark det nsubj advcl punct root Sparring NOUN is AUX not PART real ADJ fighting NOUN ; PUNCT we PRON stop VERB when SCONJ the DET coach NOUN says VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sparring sparring NOUN Number=Sing 5 fighting nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fighting cop 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 fighting advmod 4 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 5 fighting amod 5 fighting fighting NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 stop punct 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 stop nsubj 8 stop stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fighting conj 9 when when SCONJ _ 12 says mark 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 coach det 11 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 12 says nsubj 12 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 stop advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 fighting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present Sparring real fighting tree rules 2 stop present we vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 3 say speech: assert present the coach vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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