speaker Who acts: person, one, device, Speaker, you, She · What happens: speak, give, make, connect, be, charge · To what, where: talk, audience, sound, device, language, person · Speech: someone speaks here
«speaker» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: speaker in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A person who speaks, especially one giving a talk to an audience.
det nsubj acl:relcl punct advmod nsubj advcl det obj case det obl punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON speaks VERB , PUNCT especially ADV one NUM giving VERB a DET talk NOUN to ADP an DET audience NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 speaks nsubj 4 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 giving punct 6 especially especially ADV _ 7 one advmod 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 giving nsubj 8 giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 speaks advcl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 talk det 10 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 8 giving obj 11 to to ADP _ 13 audience case 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 audience det 13 audience audience NOUN Number=Sing 8 giving obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present a person vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 give gerund one a talk a audience vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent talk=Theme to audience=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A device that makes sound louder, connected to a radio, computer or phone.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp punct acl case det obl punct nmod cc conj punct root A DET device NOUN that PRON makes VERB sound NOUN louder ADJ , PUNCT connected VERB to ADP a DET radio NOUN , PUNCT computer NOUN or CCONJ phone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 device det 2 device device NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 makes nsubj 4 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 device acl:relcl 5 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 4 makes obj 6 louder loud ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 makes xcomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 connected punct 8 connected connect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 device acl 9 to to ADP _ 11 radio case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 radio det 11 radio radio NOUN Number=Sing 8 connected obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 computer punct 13 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 11 radio nmod 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 phone cc 15 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 11 radio conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 device punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a device sound loud property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product 2 connect participle a device not said here to a radio computer or phone vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient to radio=Co-Patient
Meaning 3 A person who speaks a language.
det nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON speaks VERB a DET language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 speaks nsubj 4 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 language det 6 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 speaks obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present a person a language tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"a French speaker".
punct det amod punct punct root " PUNCT a DET French ADJ speaker NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 speaker punct 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 speaker det 3 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 4 speaker amod 4 speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 speaker punct 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 speaker punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 4 In some parliaments, the Speaker is the person in charge of debates.
case det obl punct det nsubj cop det case nmod case nmod punct root In ADP some DET parliaments NOUN , PUNCT the DET Speaker PROPN is AUX the DET person NOUN in ADP charge NOUN of ADP debates NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 parliaments case 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 parliaments det 3 parliaments parliament NOUN Number=Plur 9 person obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 parliaments punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Speaker det 6 Speaker Speaker PROPN Number=Sing 9 person nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 person cop 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 person det 9 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 in in ADP _ 11 charge case 11 charge charge NOUN Number=Sing 9 person nmod 12 of of ADP _ 13 debates case 13 debates debate NOUN Number=Plur 11 charge nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Speaker the person some parliaments in charge of debates tree rules 2 charge debates nom charge «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 A guest speaker talked to us about road safety.
det compound acl case obl case compound obl punct root A DET guest NOUN speaker NOUN talked VERB to ADP us PRON about ADP road NOUN safety NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 speaker det 2 guest guest NOUN Number=Sing 3 speaker compound 3 speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 talked talk VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 speaker acl 5 to to ADP _ 6 us case 6 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 talked obl 7 about about ADP _ 9 safety case 8 road road NOUN Number=Sing 9 safety compound 9 safety safety NOUN Number=Sing 4 talked obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 speaker punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk participle a guest speaker not said here us about road safety vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.topic»: agent=Agent to we=Co-Agent about safety=Topic
Example 2 Turn the speaker down; it is too loud.
det obj compound:prt punct nsubj cop advmod parataxis punct root Turn VERB the DET speaker NOUN down ADP ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX too ADV loud ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 speaker det 3 speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing 1 Turn obj 4 down down ADP _ 1 Turn compound:prt 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 loud punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 loud nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 loud cop 8 too too ADV _ 9 loud advmod 9 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Turn parataxis 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn down imperative you not said here the speaker vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speaker=Theme 2 is present speaker loud property tree rules
Example 3 She is a speaker of three languages.
nsubj cop det case nummod nmod punct root She PRON is AUX a DET speaker NOUN of ADP three NUM languages NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 speaker nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 speaker cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 speaker det 4 speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 languages case 6 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 languages nummod 7 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 4 speaker nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 speaker punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present She a speaker of three languages tree rules
Example 4 The speaker on my tablet is broken.
det nsubj:pass case nmod:poss nmod aux:pass punct root The DET speaker NOUN on ADP my PRON tablet NOUN is AUX broken VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 speaker det 2 speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing 7 broken nsubj:pass 3 on on ADP _ 5 tablet case 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 tablet nmod:poss 5 tablet tablet NOUN Number=Sing 2 speaker nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 broken aux:pass 7 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 broken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break present · passive the speaker on my tablet vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 5 Be a good listener when the speaker is talking.
cop det amod csubj advmod det nsubj aux punct root Be AUX a DET good ADJ listener NOUN when ADV the DET speaker NOUN is AUX talking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 listener cop 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 listener det 3 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 4 listener amod 4 listener listener NOUN Number=Sing 9 talking csubj 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 talking advmod 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 speaker det 7 speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing 9 talking nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 talking aux 9 talking talk VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 talking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a infinitive a good listener tree rules 2 talk present · progressive the speaker vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Is English your first language, or are you a Spanish speaker?
cop nsubj nmod:poss amod punct cc cop nsubj det amod parataxis punct root Is AUX English PROPN your PRON first ADJ language NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ are AUX you PRON a DET Spanish ADJ speaker NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 language cop 2 English English PROPN Number=Sing 5 language nsubj 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 language nmod:poss 4 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 5 language amod 5 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 12 speaker punct 7 or or CCONJ _ 12 speaker cc 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 speaker cop 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 speaker nsubj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 speaker det 11 Spanish Spanish ADJ Degree=Pos 12 speaker amod 12 speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing 5 language parataxis 13 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present English your first language tree rules 2 is a present you a Spanish speaker tree rules
Example 7 The Speaker called for order in parliament.
det acl case obl case nmod punct root The DET Speaker NOUN called VERB for ADP order NOUN in ADP parliament NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Speaker det 2 Speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 Speaker acl 4 for for ADP _ 5 order case 5 order order NOUN Number=Sing 3 called obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 parliament case 7 parliament parliament NOUN Number=Sing 5 order nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 Speaker punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call participle the Speaker not said here for order in parliament vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for order=Recipient
Example 8 The humorous poem was admirably recited, and the speaker much applauded.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod punct cc det nsubj advmod conj punct root The DET humorous ADJ poem NOUN was AUX admirably ADV recited VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET speaker NOUN much ADV applauded VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 poem det 2 humorous humorous ADJ Degree=Pos 3 poem amod 3 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 6 recited nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 recited aux:pass 5 admirably admirably ADV _ 6 recited advmod 6 recited recite VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 applauded punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 12 applauded cc 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 speaker det 10 speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing 12 applauded nsubj 11 much much ADV _ 12 applauded advmod 12 applauded applaud VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 recited conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 recited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 recite past · passive the humorous poem admirably property vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 applaud past the speaker vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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