speak Who acts: you, She, I, He, someone, baby · What happens: say, talk, know, use, give, have · To what, where: words, language, talk, conversation, French, English · Speech: someone speaks here
«speak» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: speak in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To say words out loud; to talk.
mark obj advmod advmod punct mark ccomp punct root To PART say VERB words NOUN out ADV loud ADV ; PUNCT to PART talk VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 say mark 2 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 words word NOUN Number=Plur 2 say obj 4 out out ADV _ 5 loud advmod 5 loud loud ADV _ 2 say advmod 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 talk punct 7 to to PART _ 8 talk mark 8 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 say ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert to-infinitive words loud property tree rules 2 talk to-infinitive vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"Speak clearly."
punct advmod punct punct root " PUNCT Speak VERB clearly ADV . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Speak punct 2 Speak speak VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 clearly clearly ADV _ 2 Speak advmod 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 Speak punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 2 Speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other in a quote imperative you not said here clearly property vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 2 To know and use a language.
mark cc conj det obj punct root To PART know VERB and CCONJ use VERB a DET language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 know mark 2 know know VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 use cc 4 use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 know conj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 language det 6 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 use obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know to-infinitive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 use infinitive a language vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"She speaks French."
punct nsubj obj punct punct root " PUNCT She PRON speaks VERB French PROPN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 speaks punct 2 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 speaks nsubj 3 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 French French PROPN Number=Sing 3 speaks obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 speaks punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 3 speaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other in a quote present She French tree rules
Meaning 3 To give a talk.
mark det obj punct root To PART give VERB a DET talk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 give mark 2 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 talk det 4 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 2 give obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give to-infinitive a talk vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent talk=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"speak to the class".
punct case det obl punct punct root " PUNCT speak VERB to ADP the DET class NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 speak punct 2 speak speak VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 class case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 class det 5 class class NOUN Number=Sing 2 speak obl 6 " " PUNCT _ 2 speak punct 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other in a quote imperative you not said here to the class vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to class=Co-Agent
Meaning 4 To have a conversation.
mark det obj punct root To PART have VERB a DET conversation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 have mark 2 have have VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 conversation det 4 conversation conversation NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have to-infinitive a conversation vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conversation=Patient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"Can I speak to your mum?"
punct aux nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct punct root " PUNCT Can AUX I PRON speak VERB to ADP your PRON mum NOUN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 speak punct 2 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 speak aux 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 speak nsubj 4 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 mum case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 mum nmod:poss 7 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 4 speak obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 speak punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 4 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other in a quote can I to your mum vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to mum=Co-Agent
Example 1 Please speak more slowly.
discourse advmod advmod punct root Please INTJ speak VERB more ADV slowly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 speak discourse 2 speak speak VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 4 slowly advmod 4 slowly slowly ADV _ 2 speak advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other imperative you not said here slowly property vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 He speaks English and Irish.
nsubj obj cc conj punct root He PRON speaks VERB English PROPN and CCONJ Irish ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 speaks nsubj 2 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 English English PROPN Number=Sing 2 speaks obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 Irish cc 5 Irish Irish ADJ Degree=Pos 3 English conj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 speaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present He English tree rules
Example 3 Speak up if someone is bullying you.
compound:prt mark nsubj aux advcl obj punct root Speak VERB up ADP if SCONJ someone PRON is AUX bullying VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Speak speak VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Speak compound:prt 3 if if SCONJ _ 6 bullying mark 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 bullying nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bullying aux 6 bullying bully VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Speak advcl 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 bullying obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak up speech: other imperative you not said here vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 bully a condition, not said to happen present · progressive someone you vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary
Example 4 May I speak to your teacher?
aux nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root May AUX I PRON speak VERB to ADP your PRON teacher NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 May may AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 speak aux 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 speak nsubj 3 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 teacher case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 teacher nmod:poss 6 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 speak obl 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other may I to your teacher vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to teacher=Co-Agent
Example 5 She spoke to the whole school.
nsubj case det amod obl punct root She PRON spoke VERB to ADP the DET whole ADJ school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 spoke nsubj 2 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 6 school case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 school det 5 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 6 school amod 6 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 spoke obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 spoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other past She to the whole school vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to school=Co-Agent
Example 6 The baby can't speak yet.
det nsubj aux advmod advmod punct root The DET baby NOUN ca AUX n't PART speak VERB yet ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 5 speak nsubj 3 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 speak aux 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 speak advmod 5 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 yet yet ADV _ 5 speak advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not speak speech: other can the baby yet vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Speak quietly in the library.
advmod case det obl punct root Speak VERB quietly ADV in ADP the DET library NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Speak speak VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 quietly quietly ADV _ 1 Speak advmod 3 in in ADP _ 5 library case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 library det 5 library library NOUN Number=Sing 1 Speak obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other imperative you not said here the library quietly property vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Actions speak louder than words.
nsubj xcomp case obl punct root Actions NOUN speak VERB louder ADJ than ADP words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Actions action NOUN Number=Plur 2 speak nsubj 2 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 louder loud ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 speak xcomp 4 than than ADP _ 5 words case 5 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 louder obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present Actions loud property vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 Speak but one word to me."
cc nummod conj case obl punct punct root Speak VERB but CCONJ one NUM word NOUN to ADP me PRON . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Speak speak VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 but but CCONJ _ 4 word cc 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 word nummod 4 word word NOUN Number=Sing 1 Speak conj 5 to to ADP _ 6 me case 6 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Speak obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Speak punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 1 Speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other imperative you not said here me vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to i=Co-Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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