speculate

Who acts: you, currencies, risk, Scientists, Newspapers, singer · What happens: guess, form, not have, buy, hope, sell · To what, where: ideas, facts, things, money, planet, water

«speculate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: speculate in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To guess or form ideas about something when you don't have all the facts.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 guess	mark
2	guess	guess	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 form	cc
4	form	form	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 guess	conj
5	ideas	idea	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 form	obj
6	about	about	ADP	_	7 something	case
7	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 form	obl
8	when	when	SCONJ	_	12 have	mark
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 have	nsubj
10	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 have	aux
11	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 have	advmod
12	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 something	acl
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 facts	det:predet
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 facts	det
15	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 have	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 guess	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	guess	to-infinitive				vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	form	infinitive		ideas	about something	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location idea=Theme
3	not have	present · do-support	you	all facts		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

To buy things like shares, land or currencies hoping to sell them later for more, with a risk of losing money.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 buy	mark
2	buy	buy	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 buy	obj
4	like	like	ADP	_	5 shares	case
5	shares	share	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 buy	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 land	punct
7	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shares	conj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 currencies	cc
9	currencies	currency	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 shares	conj
10	hoping	hope	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 currencies	acl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 sell	mark
12	sell	sell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 hoping	xcomp
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 sell	obj
14	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 sell	advmod
15	for	for	ADP	_	16 more	case
16	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 sell	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 risk	punct
18	with	with	ADP	_	20 risk	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 risk	det
20	risk	risk	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 buy	obl
21	of	of	SCONJ	_	22 losing	mark
22	losing	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 risk	acl
23	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 losing	obj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 buy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	buy	to-infinitive		things	like shares and land or currencies; with a risk	vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
2	hope	gerund	currencies not said here			vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	sell not said to happen	to-infinitive	currencies not said here	things = thing	for more; late property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent they=Theme for more=Asset
4	lose	gerund	a risk not said here	money		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Eventuality

Example 1

Scientists speculate that there might be water on that planet.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 speculate	nsubj
2	speculate	speculate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 water	mark
4	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	6 be	expl
5	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 be	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 water	cop
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 speculate	advcl
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 planet	case
9	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 planet	det
10	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 speculate	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 speculate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speculate	present	Scientists			that planet			vn invest-13.5.4 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	is a	infinitive	Scientists not said here	water					tree rules

Example 2

Everyone speculated about who the new teacher would be.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	root	root
2	speculated	speculate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Everyone	acl
3	about	about	ADP	_	4 who	case
4	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 speculated	obl:agent
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 teacher	det
6	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 teacher	amod
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 be	nsubj
8	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 be	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 who	cop
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Everyone	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speculate	participle							vn invest-13.5.4 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	is	infinitive							tree rules

Example 3

Don't speculate — read the text and find the answer.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 speculate	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 speculate	advmod
3	speculate	speculate	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	—	-	PUNCT	_	5 read	punct
5	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 speculate	parataxis
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 text	det
7	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 read	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 find	cc
9	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 read	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 answer	det
11	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 find	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 speculate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	not speculate	imperative · do-support	you not said here		vn invest-13.5.4 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	read	past		the text	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent text=Topic
3	find	infinitive		the answer	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Topic

Example 4

Newspapers speculated about why the singer quit.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 speculated	nsubj
2	speculated	speculate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	about	about	SCONJ	_	7 quit	mark
4	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 quit	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 singer	det
6	singer	singer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 quit	nsubj
7	quit	quit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 speculated	advcl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 speculated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speculate	past	Newspapers						vn invest-13.5.4 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	quit	past	the singer						vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 5

People who speculate on shares can win or lose a lot of money.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 win	nsubj
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 speculate	nsubj
3	speculate	speculate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 People	acl:relcl
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 shares	case
5	shares	share	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 speculate	obl
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 win	aux
7	win	win	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 lose	cc
9	lose	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 win	conj
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 lot	det
11	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lose	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 money	case
13	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lot	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 win	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	speculate	present	People		shares	vn invest-13.5.4 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	win	can	People			vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	lose	infinitive	People not said here	a lot of money		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Eventuality

Example 6

We can only speculate about how the Stone Age people moved the stones.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 speculate	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 speculate	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 speculate	advmod
4	speculate	speculate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	about	about	SCONJ	_	11 moved	mark
6	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	11 moved	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 people	det
8	Stone	Stone	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Age	compound
9	Age	Age	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 people	compound
10	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 moved	nsubj
11	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 speculate	advcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 stones	det
13	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 moved	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 speculate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speculate	can	We						vn invest-13.5.4 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
2	move	past	the Age people	the stones					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent stone=Theme

Example 7

I will be an architect, which will place me among those who possess riches and intellect, and who speculate in art.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 architect	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 architect	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 architect	cop
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 architect	det
5	architect	architect	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 place	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 place	nsubj
8	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 place	aux
9	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 architect	appos
10	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 place	goeswith
11	among	among	ADP	_	12 those	case
12	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	9 place	nmod
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 possess	nsubj
14	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 those	acl:relcl
15	riches	rich	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 possess	obj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 intellect	cc
17	intellect	intellect	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 riches	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 speculate	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 speculate	cc
20	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 speculate	nsubj
21	speculate	speculate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 architect	parataxis
22	in	in	ADP	_	23 art	case
23	art	art	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 speculate	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 architect	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	future	I	a architect			tree rules
2	place	future	a architect			among those	tree rules
3	possess	present		riches and intellect			vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot rich=Theme
4	speculate	present	a architect		art		vn invest-13.5.4 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/speculate/