speculation Who acts: Speculation, houses, more money, lot, That, we · What happens: guess, know, be, buy, hope, sell · To what, where: facts, one such guess, things, speculation, evidence, savings
«speculation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: speculation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Speculation is guessing about something without knowing all the facts.
nsubj aux case obl mark advcl det:predet det obj punct root Speculation NOUN is AUX guessing VERB about ADP something PRON without SCONJ knowing VERB all DET the DET facts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Speculation speculation NOUN Number=Sing 3 guessing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 guessing aux 3 guessing guess VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 about about ADP _ 5 something case 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 guessing obl 6 without without SCONJ _ 7 knowing mark 7 knowing know VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 guessing advcl 8 all all DET PronType=Tot 10 facts det:predet 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 facts det 10 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 7 knowing obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 guessing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 guess present · progressive Speculation about something vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 know gerund Speculation not said here all facts vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer fact=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A speculation is one such guess or idea.
det nsubj cop nummod amod cc conj punct root A DET speculation NOUN is AUX one NUM such ADJ guess NOUN or CCONJ idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 speculation det 2 speculation speculation NOUN Number=Sing 6 guess nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 guess cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 guess nummod 5 such such ADJ Degree=Pos 6 guess amod 6 guess guess NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 idea cc 8 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 6 guess conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 guess punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a speculation one such guess or idea tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.
Speculation is buying things such as shares, land or houses hoping to sell them later for more money, which is risky.
The tree, 21 words nsubj aux obj case fixed nmod punct conj cc conj acl mark xcomp obj advmod case amod obl punct nsubj cop acl:relcl punct root Speculation NOUN is AUX buying VERB things NOUN such ADJ as ADP shares NOUN , PUNCT land NOUN or CCONJ houses NOUN hoping VERB to PART sell VERB them PRON later ADV for ADP more ADJ money NOUN , PUNCT which PRON is AUX risky ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Speculation speculation NOUN Number=Sing 3 buying nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 buying aux 3 buying buy VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 3 buying obj 5 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 7 shares case 6 as as ADP _ 5 such fixed 7 shares share NOUN Number=Plur 4 things nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 land punct 9 land land NOUN Number=Sing 7 shares conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 houses cc 11 houses house NOUN Number=Plur 7 shares conj 12 hoping hope VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 houses acl 13 to to PART _ 14 sell mark 14 sell sell VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 hoping xcomp 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 sell obj 16 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 14 sell advmod 17 for for ADP _ 19 money case 18 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 19 money amod 19 money money NOUN Number=Sing 14 sell obl 20 , , PUNCT _ 23 risky punct 21 which which PRON PronType=Rel 23 risky nsubj 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 risky cop 23 risky risky ADJ Degree=Pos 19 money acl:relcl 24 . . PUNCT _ 3 buying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy present · progressive Speculation things such shares and land or houses vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme 2 hope gerund houses not said here vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 3 sell not said to happen to-infinitive houses not said here things = thing for more money; late property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent they=Theme for money=Asset 4 is present more money risky property tree rules
Example 1 There is a lot of speculation about who will be the new head teacher.
The tree, 14 words expl det nsubj case nmod case nsubj aux cop det amod compound nmod punct root There PRON is VERB a DET lot NOUN of ADP speculation NOUN about ADP who PRON will AUX be AUX the DET new ADJ head NOUN teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lot det 4 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 6 speculation case 6 speculation speculation NOUN Number=Sing 4 lot nmod 7 about about ADP _ 14 teacher case 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 14 teacher nsubj 9 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 teacher aux 10 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 14 teacher cop 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 teacher det 12 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 14 teacher amod 13 head head NOUN Number=Sing 14 teacher compound 14 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 6 speculation nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a lot of speculation there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is future speculation about the new head teacher tree rules
Example 2 That is just speculation; we don't know for sure.
nsubj cop advmod punct nsubj aux advmod conj case obl punct root That PRON is AUX just ADV speculation NOUN ; PUNCT we PRON do AUX n't PART know VERB for ADP sure ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 speculation nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 speculation cop 3 just just ADV _ 4 speculation advmod 4 speculation speculation NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 know punct 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 know nsubj 7 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 know aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 know advmod 9 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 speculation conj 10 for for ADP _ 11 sure case 11 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 9 know obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 speculation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present That speculation tree rules 2 not know present · do-support we for sure vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 His absence caused speculation that he was ill.
nmod:poss nsubj obj mark nsubj cop advcl punct root His PRON absence NOUN caused VERB speculation NOUN that SCONJ he PRON was AUX ill ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 absence nmod:poss 2 absence absence NOUN Number=Sing 3 caused nsubj 3 caused cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 speculation speculation NOUN Number=Sing 3 caused obj 5 that that SCONJ _ 8 ill mark 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 ill nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 ill cop 8 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 3 caused advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause past His absence speculation vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition speculation=Patient 2 is past absence ill property tree rules 3 absent His = he nom absence «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 Scientists' speculation about life on Mars needs evidence.
nmod:poss case nsubj case nmod case nmod obj punct root Scientists NOUN ' PART speculation NOUN about ADP life NOUN on ADP Mars PROPN needs VERB evidence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 speculation nmod:poss 2 ' 's PART _ 1 Scientists case 3 speculation speculation NOUN Number=Sing 8 needs nsubj 4 about about ADP _ 5 life case 5 life life NOUN Number=Sing 3 speculation nmod 6 on on ADP _ 7 Mars case 7 Mars Mars PROPN Number=Sing 5 life nmod 8 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 8 needs obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present Scientists's speculation about life on Mars evidence vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot evidence=Theme 2 speculate Scientists about life on Mars nom speculation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent about=obl
Example 5 He lost his savings through speculation on shares.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl case obl punct root He PRON lost VERB his PRON savings NOUN through ADP speculation NOUN on ADP shares NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 lost nsubj 2 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 savings nmod:poss 4 savings savings NOUN Number=Ptan 2 lost obj 5 through through ADP _ 6 speculation case 6 speculation speculation NOUN Number=Sing 2 lost obl 7 on on ADP _ 8 shares case 8 shares share NOUN Number=Plur 2 lost obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 lost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose past He his savings speculation on shares vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent savings=Eventuality 2 save his = he nom savings «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Stop the wild speculation and wait for the facts.
det amod obj cc conj case det obl punct root Stop VERB the DET wild ADJ speculation NOUN and CCONJ wait VERB for ADP the DET facts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 speculation det 3 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 4 speculation amod 4 speculation speculation NOUN Number=Sing 1 Stop obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 wait cc 6 wait wait VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 7 for for ADP _ 9 facts case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 facts det 9 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 6 wait obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here the wild speculation vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality speculation=Eventuality 2 wait infinitive you not said here for the facts vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous speculatenext → speech↑ back to S in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/speculation/