speech Who acts: Speech, Babies, direct speech, someone, She, you · What happens: be, speak, learn, give, say, put · To what, where: ability, speech, talk, audience, exact words, grammar · Speech: someone speaks here
«speech» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: speech in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Speech is the ability to speak, or spoken language: «Babies learn speech slowly.».
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop det mark acl punct cc amod conj punct punct nsubj parataxis obj advmod punct punct punct root Speech NOUN is AUX the DET ability NOUN to PART speak VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ spoken VERB language NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Babies NOUN learn VERB speech NOUN slowly ADV . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 4 ability nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 ability cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 ability det 4 ability ability NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to PART _ 6 speak mark 6 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 ability acl 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 language punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 language cc 9 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 language amod 10 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 ability conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 learn punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 14 learn punct 13 Babies baby NOUN Number=Plur 14 learn nsubj 14 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 ability parataxis 15 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 14 learn obj 16 slowly slowly ADV _ 14 learn advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 14 learn punct 18 » » PUNCT _ 14 learn punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 ability punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Speech the ability or spoken language tree rules 2 speak speech: other to-infinitive vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 speak speech: other participle vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 learn in a quote present Babies speech slowly property vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A speech is a talk given to an audience, like at assembly or a wedding.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det acl case det obl punct case case obl cc det conj punct root A DET speech NOUN is AUX a DET talk NOUN given VERB to ADP an DET audience NOUN , PUNCT like ADP at ADP assembly NOUN or CCONJ a DET wedding NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 speech det 2 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 5 talk nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 talk cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 talk det 5 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 talk acl 7 to to ADP _ 9 audience case 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 audience det 9 audience audience NOUN Number=Sing 6 given obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 assembly punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 assembly case 12 at at ADP _ 13 assembly case 13 assembly assembly NOUN Number=Sing 6 given obl 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 wedding cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 wedding det 16 wedding wedding NOUN Number=Sing 13 assembly conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 talk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a speech a talk tree rules 2 give participle a talk not said here a audience like assembly or a wedding vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to audience=Recipient
Meaning 3 In grammar, «direct speech» is the exact words someone said, inside speech marks (quotation marks).
The tree, 15 words case obl punct punct amod nsubj punct cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl punct case compound obj punct compound appos punct punct root In ADP grammar NOUN , PUNCT « PUNCT direct ADJ speech NOUN » PUNCT is AUX the DET exact ADJ words NOUN someone PRON said VERB , PUNCT inside ADP speech NOUN marks NOUN ( PUNCT quotation NOUN marks NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 grammar case 2 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 11 words obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 grammar punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 speech punct 5 direct direct ADJ Degree=Pos 6 speech amod 6 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 11 words nsubj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 speech punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 words cop 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 words det 10 exact exact ADJ Degree=Pos 11 words amod 11 words word NOUN Number=Plur root root 12 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 said nsubj 13 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 words acl:relcl 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 marks punct 15 inside inside ADP _ 17 marks case 16 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 17 marks compound 17 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 13 said obj 18 ( ( PUNCT _ 20 marks punct 19 quotation quotation NOUN Number=Sing 20 marks compound 20 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 17 marks appos 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 20 marks punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 11 words punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present direct speech the exact words grammar tree rules 2 say speech: assert past someone speech marks vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent mark=Topic
Example 1 She gave a speech in assembly.
nsubj det obj case nmod punct root She PRON gave VERB a DET speech NOUN in ADP assembly NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 speech det 4 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 assembly case 6 assembly assembly NOUN Number=Sing 4 speech nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past She a speech assembly vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Theme
Example 2 Put speech marks around the words the character says.
compound obj case det obl det nsubj acl:relcl punct root Put VERB speech NOUN marks NOUN around ADP the DET words NOUN the DET character NOUN says VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 3 marks compound 3 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 1 Put obj 4 around around ADP _ 6 words case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 words det 6 words word NOUN Number=Plur 1 Put obl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 character det 8 character character NOUN Number=Sing 9 says nsubj 9 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 words acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here speech marks the words vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent mark=Theme around word=Destination 2 say speech: assert present the character the words not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic
Example 3 The winner made a short speech.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET winner NOUN made VERB a DET short ADJ speech NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 winner det 2 winner winner NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 speech det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 6 speech amod 6 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the winner a short speech vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset speech=Product
Example 4 Freedom of speech means people can say what they think.
nsubj case nmod nsubj aux ccomp obj nsubj ccomp punct root Freedom NOUN of ADP speech NOUN means VERB people NOUN can AUX say VERB what PRON they PRON think VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Freedom freedom NOUN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 speech case 3 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 1 Freedom nmod 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 say nsubj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 say aux 7 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 8 what what PRON PronType=Int 10 think obj 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 think nsubj 10 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 say ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Freedom of speech vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 say speech: assert can people vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 think speech: other present people vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme
Example 5 Nouns and verbs are parts of speech.
nsubj cc conj cop case nmod punct root Nouns NOUN and CCONJ verbs NOUN are AUX parts NOUN of ADP speech NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nouns noun NOUN Number=Plur 5 parts nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 verbs cc 3 verbs verb NOUN Number=Plur 1 Nouns conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 parts cop 5 parts part NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 speech case 7 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 5 parts nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 parts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Nouns and verbs parts of speech tree rules
Example 6 A speech therapist helps children with their speech.
det compound nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET speech NOUN therapist NOUN helps VERB children NOUN with ADP their PRON speech NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 therapist det 2 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 3 therapist compound 3 therapist therapist NOUN Number=Sing 4 helps nsubj 4 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 helps obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 speech case 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 speech nmod:poss 8 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 4 helps obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present a speech therapist children with children's speech vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent child=Beneficiary with speech=Theme 2 speak children = child nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The comic has a speech bubble above the dog.
det nsubj det compound obj case det nmod punct root The DET comic NOUN has VERB a DET speech NOUN bubble NOUN above ADP the DET dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 comic det 2 comic comic NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bubble det 5 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 6 bubble compound 6 bubble bubble NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 above above ADP _ 9 dog case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 dog det 9 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 6 bubble nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the comic a speech bubble above the dog vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bubble=Patient
Example 8 Dorothy listened to this speech with wonder.
nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root Dorothy PROPN listened VERB to ADP this DET speech NOUN with ADP wonder NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dorothy Dorothy PROPN Number=Sing 2 listened nsubj 2 listened listen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 speech case 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 speech det 5 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 2 listened obl 6 with with ADP _ 7 wonder case 7 wonder wonder NOUN Number=Sing 5 speech nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 listened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 listen past Dorothy to this speech with wonder vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to speech=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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