spell Who acts: word, spell, that, something, spell trouble, you · What happens: spell, be, write, letter, make, happen · To what, where: word, letters, right order, set, something, stories · Speech: someone speaks here
«spell» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spell in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To spell a word is to say or write its letters in the right order.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl det obj cop mark cc conj nmod:poss obj case det amod obl punct root To PART spell VERB a DET word NOUN is AUX to PART say VERB or CCONJ write VERB its PRON letters NOUN in ADP the DET right ADJ order NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spell mark 2 spell spell VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 say advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 word det 4 word word NOUN Number=Sing 2 spell obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 say cop 6 to to PART _ 7 say mark 7 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 write cc 9 write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 say conj 10 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 letters nmod:poss 11 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 9 write obj 12 in in ADP _ 15 order case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 order det 14 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 15 order amod 15 order order NOUN Number=Sing 9 write obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spell to-infinitive a word vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent word=Theme 2 is present say property tree rules 3 write infinitive word's letters the right order vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent letter=Theme in order=Destination 4 letter word nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A spell is a set of magic words that makes something happen in stories.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det case amod nmod nsubj parataxis obj xcomp case obl punct root A DET spell NOUN is AUX a DET set NOUN of ADP magic ADJ words NOUN that PRON makes VERB something PRON happen VERB in ADP stories NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spell det 2 spell spell NOUN Number=Sing 5 set nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 set cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 set det 5 set set NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 words case 7 magic magic ADJ Degree=Pos 8 words amod 8 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 set nmod 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 makes nsubj 10 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 set parataxis 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 makes obj 12 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 makes xcomp 13 in in ADP _ 14 stories case 14 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 12 happen obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spell a set of magic words tree rules 2 make present that something tree rules 3 happen infinitive something not said here stories vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in story=Location
Meaning 3 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A short period of time: a spell of sunny weather.
det amod nsubj case nmod punct det case amod nmod punct root A DET short ADJ period NOUN of ADP time NOUN : PUNCT a DET spell NOUN of ADP sunny ADJ weather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 period det 2 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 3 period amod 3 period period NOUN Number=Sing 8 spell nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 5 time case 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing 3 period nmod 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 spell punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 spell det 8 spell spell NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 11 weather case 10 sunny sunny ADJ Degree=Pos 11 weather amod 11 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 8 spell nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 spell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spell sunny weather nom spell «state transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 4 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To spell something out is to explain it very clearly; "spell trouble" means to be a sign that something bad will happen.
The tree, 22 words mark advcl obj compound:prt cop mark obj advmod advmod punct punct compound nsubj punct parataxis mark cop det obj mark nsubj amod aux acl punct root To PART spell VERB something PRON out ADP is AUX to PART explain VERB it PRON very ADV clearly ADV ; PUNCT " PUNCT spell NOUN trouble NOUN " PUNCT means VERB to PART be AUX a DET sign NOUN that SCONJ something PRON bad ADJ will AUX happen VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spell mark 2 spell spell VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 explain advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 spell obj 4 out out ADP _ 2 spell compound:prt 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 explain cop 6 to to PART _ 7 explain mark 7 explain explain VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 explain obj 9 very very ADV _ 10 clearly advmod 10 clearly clearly ADV _ 7 explain advmod 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 means punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 14 trouble punct 13 spell spell NOUN Number=Sing 14 trouble compound 14 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 16 means nsubj 15 " " PUNCT _ 14 trouble punct 16 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 explain parataxis 17 to to PART _ 20 sign mark 18 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 20 sign cop 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 sign det 20 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 16 means obj 21 that that SCONJ _ 25 happen mark 22 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 25 happen nsubj 23 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 22 something amod 24 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 25 happen aux 25 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 sign acl 26 . . PUNCT _ 7 explain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spell out to-infinitive something vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 is present clearly, explain property tree rules 3 mean present spell trouble vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 4 is a to-infinitive a sign tree rules 5 happen future something a sign not said here tree rules
Example 1 How do you spell "necessary"?
advmod aux nsubj punct obj punct punct root How ADV do AUX you PRON spell VERB " PUNCT necessary ADJ " PUNCT ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 4 spell advmod 2 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 spell aux 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 spell nsubj 4 spell spell VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 " " PUNCT _ 6 necessary punct 6 necessary necessary ADJ Degree=Pos 4 spell obj 7 " " PUNCT _ 6 necessary punct 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 spell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spell present · do-support you necessary vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent necessary=Theme
Example 2 Can you spell your name for me?
aux nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl punct root Can AUX you PRON spell VERB your PRON name NOUN for ADP me PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 spell aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 spell nsubj 3 spell spell VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 name nmod:poss 5 name name NOUN Number=Sing 3 spell obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 me case 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 spell obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 spell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spell can you your name for me vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent name=Theme 2 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The witch cast a spell on the prince.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET witch NOUN cast VERB a DET spell NOUN on ADP the DET prince NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 witch det 2 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 3 cast nsubj 3 cast cast VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 spell det 5 spell spell NOUN Number=Sing 3 cast obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 prince case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 prince det 8 prince prince NOUN Number=Sing 3 cast obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 cast punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cast past the witch a spell on the prince vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent spell=Theme on prince=Destination
Example 4 The princess was under a spell.
det nsubj cop case det punct root The DET princess NOUN was AUX under ADP a DET spell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 princess det 2 princess princess NOUN Number=Sing 6 spell nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 spell cop 4 under under ADP _ 6 spell case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 spell det 6 spell spell NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 spell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the princess a spell tree rules
Example 5 We had a spell of warm weather.
nsubj det obj case amod nmod punct root We PRON had VERB a DET spell NOUN of ADP warm ADJ weather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 spell det 4 spell spell NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 weather case 6 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 7 weather amod 7 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 4 spell nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We a spell of warm weather vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spell=Patient 2 spell warm weather nom spell «state transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 Dark clouds spell trouble for the picnic.
amod nsubj obj case det obl punct root Dark ADJ clouds NOUN spell VERB trouble NOUN for ADP the DET picnic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 2 clouds amod 2 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 3 spell nsubj 3 spell spell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 3 spell obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 picnic case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 picnic det 7 picnic picnic NOUN Number=Sing 3 spell obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 spell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spell present Dark clouds trouble for the picnic vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent trouble=Theme
Example 7 Let me spell it out for you.
obj xcomp obj compound:prt case obl punct root Let VERB me PRON spell VERB it PRON out ADP for ADP you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Let obj 3 spell spell VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 4 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 spell obj 5 out out ADP _ 3 spell compound:prt 6 for for ADP _ 7 you case 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 spell obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here me tree rules 2 spell out infinitive me not said here it for you vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 8 "How can I break this spell?" said their sister.
punct advmod aux nsubj ccomp det obj punct punct nmod:poss nsubj punct root " PUNCT How ADV can AUX I PRON break VERB this DET spell NOUN ? PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB their PRON sister NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 break punct 2 How how ADV PronType=Int 5 break advmod 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 break aux 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 break nsubj 5 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 said ccomp 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 spell det 7 spell spell NOUN Number=Sing 5 break obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 break punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 5 break punct 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 sister nmod:poss 12 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 10 said nsubj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break in a quote can their sister = sister this spell vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spell=Patient 2 say speech: ask past their sister vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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