spelt Who acts: Wrote, rain, I, my, your, teacher · What happens: say, letter, be, mean, cause, spelt · To what, where: letters, word, trouble, kind, flour, necessary · Speech: someone speaks here
«spelt» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spelt in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Wrote or said the letters of a word in the right order.
nsubj cc det obj case det nmod case det amod nmod punct root Wrote NOUN or CCONJ said VERB the DET letters NOUN of ADP a DET word NOUN in ADP the DET right ADJ order NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wrote wrote NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 said cc 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 letters det 5 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 3 said obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 word case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 word det 8 word word NOUN Number=Sing 5 letters nmod 9 in in ADP _ 12 order case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 order det 11 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 12 order amod 12 order order NOUN Number=Sing 8 word nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Wrote the letters of a word in the right order vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent letter=Topic 2 letter a word in the right order nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Was the letters of a word, as in «c-a-t spelt cat».
The tree, 13 words cop det case det nmod punct case case punct nsubj punct det punct nsubj compound appos punct punct root Was AUX the DET letters NOUN of ADP a DET word NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP « PUNCT c NOUN - PUNCT a DET - PUNCT t NOUN spelt NOUN cat NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 letters cop 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 letters det 3 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 of of ADP _ 6 word case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 word det 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing 3 letters nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 17 cat punct 8 as as ADP _ 17 cat case 9 in in ADP _ 17 cat case 10 « « PUNCT _ 17 cat punct 11 c c NOUN Number=Sing 17 cat nsubj 12 - - PUNCT _ 17 cat punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 t det 14 - - PUNCT _ 13 a punct 15 t t NOUN Number=Sing 17 cat nsubj 16 spelt spelt NOUN Number=Sing 17 cat compound 17 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 6 word appos 18 » » PUNCT _ 17 cat punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 letters punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the letters of a word tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Meant or caused, as in «the rain spelt trouble for the picnic».
The tree, 12 words cc conj punct mark fixed punct det nsubj parataxis obj case det nmod punct punct root Meant VERB or CCONJ caused VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP « PUNCT the DET rain NOUN spelt VERB trouble NOUN for ADP the DET picnic NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Meant mean VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 caused cc 3 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Meant conj 4 , , PUNCT _ 10 spelt punct 5 as as SCONJ _ 10 spelt mark 6 in in ADP _ 5 as fixed 7 « « PUNCT _ 10 spelt punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 rain det 9 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 10 spelt nsubj 10 spelt spelt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Meant parataxis 11 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 10 spelt obj 12 for for ADP _ 14 picnic case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 picnic det 14 picnic picnic NOUN Number=Sing 11 trouble nmod 15 » » PUNCT _ 10 spelt punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 1 Meant punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean participle vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cause participle vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition 3 spelt in a quote past the rain trouble for the picnic tree rules
Meaning 4 A kind of old wheat grain used to make flour and bread.
det case amod compound nmod acl mark advcl obj cc conj punct root A DET kind NOUN of ADP old ADJ wheat NOUN grain NOUN used VERB to PART make VERB flour NOUN and CCONJ bread NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kind det 2 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 6 grain case 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 grain amod 5 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 6 grain compound 6 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 2 kind nmod 7 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 kind acl 8 to to PART _ 9 make mark 9 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 used advcl 10 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 9 make obj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 bread cc 12 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 10 flour conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle a kind of old wheat grain not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 make to-infinitive flour and bread vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset flour=Product
Example 1 I spelt «necessary» wrong in my spelling test.
nsubj punct obj punct xcomp case nmod:poss compound obl punct root I PRON spelt VERB « PUNCT necessary ADJ » PUNCT wrong ADJ in ADP my PRON spelling NOUN test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 spelt nsubj 2 spelt spelt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 necessary punct 4 necessary necessary ADJ Degree=Pos 2 spelt obj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 necessary punct 6 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 2 spelt xcomp 7 in in ADP _ 10 test case 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 test nmod:poss 9 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 10 test compound 10 test test NOUN Number=Sing 2 spelt obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 spelt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spelt past I necessary my spelling test wrong property tree rules 2 test my nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 How is your name spelt?
advmod aux:pass nmod:poss nsubj:pass punct root How ADV is AUX your PRON name NOUN spelt VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 5 spelt advmod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 spelt aux:pass 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 name nmod:poss 4 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 spelt nsubj:pass 5 spelt spelt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 spelt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spelt present · passive your name tree rules 2 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The teacher spelt out the rules very clearly.
det nsubj compound:prt det obj advmod advmod punct root The DET teacher NOUN spelt VERB out ADP the DET rules NOUN very ADV clearly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 spelt nsubj 3 spelt spelt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 spelt compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rules det 6 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 3 spelt obj 7 very very ADV _ 8 clearly advmod 8 clearly clearly ADV _ 3 spelt advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 spelt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spelt out past the teacher the rules clearly property tree rules
Example 4 The dark clouds spelt trouble for the sports day.
det amod nsubj obj case det compound obl punct root The DET dark ADJ clouds NOUN spelt VERB trouble NOUN for ADP the DET sports NOUN day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 clouds det 2 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 3 clouds amod 3 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 4 spelt nsubj 4 spelt spelt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 4 spelt obj 6 for for ADP _ 9 day case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 day det 8 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 9 day compound 9 day day NOUN Number=Sing 4 spelt obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 spelt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spelt past the dark clouds trouble day tree rules
Example 5 Is «colour» spelt with a «u» in Australia? Yes.
Sentence 1: Is «colour» spelt with a «u» in Australia?
cop punct compound punct case det punct nmod punct case nmod punct root Is AUX « PUNCT colour NOUN » PUNCT spelt NOUN with ADP a DET « PUNCT u NOUN » PUNCT in ADP Australia PROPN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 colour cop 2 « « PUNCT _ 3 colour punct 3 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 5 spelt compound 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 colour punct 5 spelt spelt NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 9 u case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 u det 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 u punct 9 u u NOUN Number=Sing 5 spelt nmod 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 u punct 11 in in ADP _ 12 Australia case 12 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 9 u nmod 13 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 spelt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present colour tree rules
Sentence 2: Yes.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos root root 2 . . PUNCT _ 1 Yes punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 6 Dad bakes bread with spelt flour.
nsubj obj case compound obl punct root Dad NOUN bakes VERB bread NOUN with ADP spelt NOUN flour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 bakes nsubj 2 bakes bake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 2 bakes obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 flour case 5 spelt spelt NOUN Number=Sing 6 flour compound 6 flour flour NOUN Number=Sing 2 bakes obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 bakes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bake present Dad bread with spelt flour vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent bread=Patient with flour=Instrument
Example 7 She spelt every word correctly and got full marks.
nsubj det obj advmod cc conj amod obj punct root She PRON spelt VERB every DET word NOUN correctly ADV and CCONJ got VERB full ADJ marks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 spelt nsubj 2 spelt spelt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 every every DET PronType=Tot 4 word det 4 word word NOUN Number=Sing 2 spelt obj 5 correctly correctly ADV _ 2 spelt advmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 got cc 7 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 spelt conj 8 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 9 marks amod 9 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 7 got obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 spelt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spelt past She every word correctly property tree rules 2 get past She not said here full marks vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mark=Stimulus
Example 8 The letters on the fridge spelt «HELLO».
det case det compound nmod punct obj punct punct root The DET letters NOUN on ADP the DET fridge NOUN spelt NOUN « PUNCT HELLO INTJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 letters det 2 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 on on ADP _ 6 spelt case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 spelt det 5 fridge fridge NOUN Number=Sing 6 spelt compound 6 spelt spelt NOUN Number=Sing 2 letters nmod 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 HELLO punct 8 HELLO hello INTJ _ 6 spelt obj 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 HELLO punct 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 letters punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 9 Why, the words are spelt differently, and mean quite different things.
advmod punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl advmod punct cc advmod amod obj punct root Why ADV , PUNCT the DET words NOUN are AUX spelt VERB differently ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ mean VERB quite ADV different ADJ things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 6 spelt advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Why punct 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 words det 4 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 spelt nsubj:pass 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 spelt aux:pass 6 spelt spelt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 mean advcl 7 differently differently ADV _ 6 spelt advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 mean punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 mean cc 10 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 quite quite ADV _ 12 different advmod 12 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 13 things amod 13 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 10 mean obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spelt present · passive the words differently property tree rules 2 mean present different things vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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