spend Who acts: it, Anna, Sam, Max, We, you · What happens: spend, be, do, not spend, save, have · To what, where: something, zoo, much, 12 cents, sweets, hours reading · Speech: someone speaks here
«spend» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spend in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To spend is to pay out money.
mark cop mark ccomp compound:prt obj punct root To PART spend VERB is AUX to PART pay VERB out ADP money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spend mark 2 spend spend VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 pay cop 4 to to PART _ 5 pay mark 5 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 spend ccomp 6 out out ADP _ 5 pay compound:prt 7 money money NOUN Number=Sing 5 pay obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 spend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend to-infinitive vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Goal 2 is present pay property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To spend time is to use it doing something or being somewhere: «spend a day at the zoo».
The tree, 18 words mark csubj obj cop mark nsubj ccomp obj cc conj advmod punct punct parataxis det obj case det obl punct punct root To PART spend VERB time NOUN is AUX to PART use VERB it PRON doing VERB something PRON or CCONJ being VERB somewhere ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT spend VERB a DET day NOUN at ADP the DET zoo NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spend mark 2 spend spend VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 use csubj 3 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 spend obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 use cop 5 to to PART _ 6 use mark 6 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 doing nsubj 8 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 use ccomp 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 doing obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 being cc 11 being be VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 doing conj 12 somewhere somewhere ADV PronType=Ind 11 being advmod 13 : : PUNCT _ 15 spend punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 spend punct 15 spend spend VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 use parataxis 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 day det 17 day day NOUN Number=Sing 15 spend obj 18 at at ADP _ 20 zoo case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 zoo det 20 zoo zoo NOUN Number=Sing 15 spend obl 21 » » PUNCT _ 15 spend punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend to-infinitive time vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is present use property tree rules 3 do gerund it something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 be gerund somewhere property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 spend in a quote infinitive the zoo day vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 How much does Anna spend?
advmod obj aux nsubj punct root How ADV much ADJ does AUX Anna PROPN spend VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 5 spend obj 3 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 spend aux 4 Anna Anna PROPN Number=Sing 5 spend nsubj 5 spend spend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 spend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend present · do-support Anna much vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Asset
Example 2 Sam spent 12 cents on sweets and 8 cents on a pen.
nsubj nummod obj case obl cc nummod conj case det obl punct root Sam PROPN spent VERB 12 NUM cents NOUN on ADP sweets NOUN and CCONJ 8 NUM cents NOUN on ADP a DET pen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 spent nsubj 2 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 cents nummod 4 cents cent NOUN Number=Plur 2 spent obj 5 on on ADP _ 6 sweets case 6 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 2 spent obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 cents cc 8 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 cents nummod 9 cents cent NOUN Number=Plur 6 sweets conj 10 on on ADP _ 12 pen case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 pen det 12 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 2 spent obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 spent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend past Sam 12 cents on sweets and 8 cents goal ; on a pen vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cent=Asset on sweet=Goal
Example 3 Max spends 2 hours reading.
nsubj nummod compound obj punct root Max PROPN spends VERB 2 NUM hours NOUN reading NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Max Max PROPN Number=Sing 2 spends nsubj 2 spends spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 hours nummod 4 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 5 reading compound 5 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 2 spends obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 spends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend present Max hours reading vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reading=Asset
Example 4 We spent the weekend at Gran's.
nsubj det obj case obl case punct root We PRON spent VERB the DET weekend NOUN at ADP Gran PROPN 's PART . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 spent nsubj 2 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 weekend det 4 weekend weekend NOUN Number=Sing 2 spent obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 Gran case 6 Gran Gran PROPN Number=Sing 2 spent obl 7 's 's PART _ 6 Gran case 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 spent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend past We Gran weekend vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Don't spend all your pocket money at once.
aux advmod det:predet nmod:poss compound obj case obl punct root Do AUX n't PART spend VERB all DET your PRON pocket NOUN money NOUN at ADP once ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 spend aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 spend advmod 3 spend spend VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 money det:predet 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 money nmod:poss 6 pocket pocket NOUN Number=Sing 7 money compound 7 money money NOUN Number=Sing 3 spend obj 8 at at ADP _ 9 once case 9 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 3 spend obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 spend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not spend imperative · do-support you not said here your pocket money vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset
Example 6 How much time do you spend on homework?
advmod amod obl:unmarked aux nsubj case obl punct root How ADV much ADJ time NOUN do AUX you PRON spend VERB on ADP homework NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 3 time amod 3 time time NOUN Number=Sing 6 spend obl:unmarked 4 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 spend aux 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 spend nsubj 6 spend spend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 on on ADP _ 8 homework case 8 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 6 spend obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 spend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend present · do-support you time on homework goal vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent on homework=Goal
Example 7 She spent 5 dollars and saved 3.
nsubj nummod obj cc conj obj punct root She PRON spent VERB 5 NUM dollars NOUN and CCONJ saved VERB 3 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 spent nsubj 2 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 dollars nummod 4 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 2 spent obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 saved cc 6 saved save VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 spent conj 7 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 saved obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 spent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend past She 5 dollars vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Asset 2 save past She not said here 3 vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3=Theme
Example 8 We spent the night in a tent.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root We PRON spent VERB the DET night NOUN in ADP a DET tent NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 spent nsubj 2 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 night det 4 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 spent obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 tent case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 tent det 7 tent tent NOUN Number=Sing 2 spent obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 spent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend past We a tent night vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 9 "Have you spent the night comfortably?"
punct nsubj ccomp det obj advmod punct punct root " PUNCT Have VERB you PRON spent VERB the DET night NOUN comfortably ADV ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Have punct 2 Have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 spent nsubj 4 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 Have ccomp 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 night det 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 4 spent obj 7 comfortably comfortably ADV _ 4 spent advmod 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 Have punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 2 Have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have in a quote present tree rules 2 spend in a quote past you night comfortably property vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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