spike Who acts: spike, Spikes, fence, we, Sprinters, She · What happens: be, spike, mean, rise, stick, put · To what, where: thin sharp point, sudden sharp rise, sharp point, something, drink, alcohol · Speech: someone speaks here
«spike» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spike in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A spike is a thin, sharp point, like on a fence, a cactus or a hedgehog.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct case case det nmod punct det conj cc det conj punct root A DET spike NOUN is AUX a DET thin ADJ , PUNCT sharp ADJ point NOUN , PUNCT like ADP on ADP a DET fence NOUN , PUNCT a DET cactus NOUN or CCONJ a DET hedgehog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spike det 2 spike spike NOUN Number=Sing 8 point nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 point cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 point det 5 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 8 point amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 thin punct 7 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 8 point amod 8 point point NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 fence punct 10 like like ADP _ 13 fence case 11 on on ADP _ 13 fence case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 fence det 13 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 8 point nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 cactus punct 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 cactus det 16 cactus cactus NOUN Number=Sing 13 fence conj 17 or or CCONJ _ 19 hedgehog cc 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 hedgehog det 19 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN Number=Sing 16 cactus conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 8 point punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spike a thin sharp point like a fence and a cactus or a hedgehog tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A spike is a sudden, sharp rise: «a spike in temperature».
The tree, 11 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct punct det appos case nmod punct punct root A DET spike NOUN is AUX a DET sudden ADJ , PUNCT sharp ADJ rise NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET spike NOUN in ADP temperature NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spike det 2 spike spike NOUN Number=Sing 8 rise nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 rise cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 rise det 5 sudden sudden ADJ Degree=Pos 8 rise amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 sudden punct 7 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 8 rise amod 8 rise rise NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 spike punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 spike punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 spike det 12 spike spike NOUN Number=Sing 8 rise appos 13 in in ADP _ 14 temperature case 14 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 12 spike nmod 15 » » PUNCT _ 12 spike punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 rise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spike a sudden sharp rise tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To spike means to rise suddenly, or to stick a sharp point into something.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj mark xcomp advmod punct cc mark conj det amod obj case obl punct root To PART spike VERB means VERB to PART rise VERB suddenly ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART stick VERB a DET sharp ADJ point NOUN into ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spike mark 2 spike spike VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 rise mark 5 rise rise VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 5 rise advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 stick punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 stick cc 9 to to PART _ 10 stick mark 10 stick stick VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means conj 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 point det 12 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 13 point amod 13 point point NOUN Number=Sing 10 stick obj 14 into into ADP _ 15 something case 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 stick obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spike to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 rise not said to happen to-infinitive suddenly property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 stick to-infinitive a sharp point something vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent point=Theme into something=Destination
Meaning 4 Usage: verb, informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To spike a drink means to secretly put alcohol or a drug in it, which is dangerous and against the law.
The tree, 21 words mark csubj det obj mark advmod xcomp obj cc det conj case obl punct nsubj cop advcl cc case det conj punct root To PART spike VERB a DET drink NOUN means VERB to PART secretly ADV put VERB alcohol NOUN or CCONJ a DET drug NOUN in ADP it PRON , PUNCT which PRON is AUX dangerous ADJ and CCONJ against ADP the DET law NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spike mark 2 spike spike VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means csubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 drink det 4 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 2 spike obj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 8 put mark 7 secretly secretly ADV _ 8 put advmod 8 put put VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 9 alcohol alcohol NOUN Number=Sing 8 put obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 drug cc 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 drug det 12 drug drug NOUN Number=Sing 9 alcohol conj 13 in in ADP _ 14 it case 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 put obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 dangerous punct 16 which which PRON PronType=Rel 18 dangerous nsubj 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 dangerous cop 18 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 8 put advcl 19 and and CCONJ _ 22 law cc 20 against against ADP _ 22 law case 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 law det 22 law law NOUN Number=Sing 18 dangerous conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spike to-infinitive a drink tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 put not said to happen to-infinitive alcohol or a drug drug secretly property vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent alcohol=Theme in it=Destination 4 is present dangerous property tree rules
Meaning 5 Spikes are running shoes with short metal points on the bottom for grip.
nsubj aux obj case amod compound obl case det nmod case nmod punct root Spikes NOUN are AUX running VERB shoes NOUN with ADP short ADJ metal NOUN points NOUN on ADP the DET bottom NOUN for ADP grip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spikes spike NOUN Number=Plur 3 running nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 running aux 3 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 3 running obj 5 with with ADP _ 8 points case 6 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 8 points amod 7 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 8 points compound 8 points point NOUN Number=Plur 3 running obl 9 on on ADP _ 11 bottom case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 bottom det 11 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 8 points nmod 12 for for ADP _ 13 grip case 13 grip grip NOUN Number=Sing 11 bottom nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 running punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present · progressive Spikes shoes with short metal points on the bottom for grip vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Product with point=Material
Example 1 The cactus is covered in sharp spikes.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root The DET cactus NOUN is AUX covered VERB in ADP sharp ADJ spikes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cactus det 2 cactus cactus NOUN Number=Sing 4 covered nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 covered aux:pass 4 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 spikes case 6 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 spikes amod 7 spikes spike NOUN Number=Plur 4 covered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover present · passive the cactus in sharp spikes vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in spike=Theme
Example 2 The fence had spikes on top to stop people climbing.
det nsubj obj case obl mark advcl obj xcomp punct root The DET fence NOUN had VERB spikes NOUN on ADP top NOUN to PART stop VERB people NOUN climbing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fence det 2 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 spikes spike NOUN Number=Plur 3 had obj 5 on on ADP _ 6 top case 6 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obl 7 to to PART _ 8 stop mark 8 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 had advcl 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 stop obj 10 climbing climb VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 stop xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the fence spikes top vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spike=Patient 2 stop to-infinitive the fence not said here people tree rules 3 climb gerund the fence not said here vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 There was a spike in the graph when we started running.
expl det nsubj case det nmod advmod nsubj advcl xcomp punct root There PRON was VERB a DET spike NOUN in ADP the DET graph NOUN when ADV we PRON started VERB running VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 spike det 4 spike spike NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 7 graph case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 graph det 7 graph graph NOUN Number=Sing 4 spike nmod 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 started advmod 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 started nsubj 10 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 was advcl 11 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 started xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a spike in the graph there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 start past we vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 run gerund we not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The temperature spiked in the afternoon.
det acl case det obl punct root The DET temperature NOUN spiked VERB in ADP the DET afternoon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 temperature det 2 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 spiked spike VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 temperature acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 afternoon case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 afternoon det 6 afternoon afternoon NOUN Number=Sing 3 spiked obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 temperature punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spike participle the temperature not said here afternoon tree rules
Example 5 Sprinters wear spikes for better grip.
nsubj obj case amod obl punct root Sprinters NOUN wear VERB spikes NOUN for ADP better ADJ grip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sprinters sprinter NOUN Number=Plur 2 wear nsubj 2 wear wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 spikes spike NOUN Number=Plur 2 wear obj 4 for for ADP _ 6 grip case 5 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 grip amod 6 grip grip NOUN Number=Sing 2 wear obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear present Sprinters spikes for better grip vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent spike=Source
Example 6 She jumped and spiked the volleyball over the net.
nsubj cc conj det obj case det obl punct root She PRON jumped VERB and CCONJ spiked VERB the DET volleyball NOUN over ADP the DET net NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 jumped nsubj 2 jumped jump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 spiked cc 4 spiked spike VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 jumped conj 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 volleyball det 6 volleyball volleyball NOUN Number=Sing 4 spiked obj 7 over over ADP _ 9 net case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 net det 9 net net NOUN Number=Sing 4 spiked obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 jumped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jump past She vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 spike past She not said here the volleyball the net tree rules
Example 7 Never leave your drink alone, in case someone spikes it.
advmod nmod:poss obj advmod punct mark fixed nsubj advcl obj punct root Never ADV leave VERB your PRON drink NOUN alone ADV , PUNCT in SCONJ case NOUN someone PRON spikes VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 leave advmod 2 leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 drink nmod:poss 4 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 2 leave obj 5 alone alone ADV _ 2 leave advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 spikes punct 7 in in SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 10 spikes mark 8 case case NOUN Number=Sing 7 in fixed 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 spikes nsubj 10 spikes spike VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 leave advcl 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 spikes obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not leave imperative you not said here your drink alone property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Theme 2 spike present someone drink tree rules
Example 8 The cleric spiked forward his chin, and then butted forward his brow.
det nsubj advmod nmod:poss obj punct cc advmod parataxis advmod nmod:poss obj punct root The DET cleric NOUN spiked VERB forward ADV his PRON chin NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ then ADV butted VERB forward ADV his PRON brow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cleric det 2 cleric cleric NOUN Number=Sing 3 spiked nsubj 3 spiked spike VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 forward forward ADV _ 3 spiked advmod 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 chin nmod:poss 6 chin chin NOUN Number=Sing 3 spiked obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 butted punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 butted cc 9 then then ADV PronType=Dem 10 butted advmod 10 butted butt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 spiked parataxis 11 forward forward ADV _ 10 butted advmod 12 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 brow nmod:poss 13 brow brow NOUN Number=Sing 10 butted obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 spiked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spike past the cleric cleric's chin forward property tree rules 2 butt past cleric's brow then forward property vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brow=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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