spiral Who acts: spiral, curve, shape, downward spiral, things, shell · What happens: be, wind, round, get, spiral, mean · To what, where: curve, centre point, shape, spiral, prices, spiral staircase · Speech: someone speaks here
«spiral» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spiral in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A spiral is a curve that winds round and round a centre point, getting further away or closer each time, like the shape of a snail shell.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl advmod cc conj det compound obj punct appos advmod advmod cc conj det obl:unmarked punct case det conj case det compound nmod punct root A DET spiral NOUN is AUX a DET curve NOUN that PRON winds VERB round ADV and CCONJ round VERB a DET centre NOUN point NOUN , PUNCT getting VERB further ADV away ADV or CCONJ closer ADJ each DET time NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET shape NOUN of ADP a DET snail NOUN shell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spiral det 2 spiral spiral NOUN Number=Sing 5 curve nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 curve cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 curve det 5 curve curve NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 winds nsubj 7 winds wind VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 curve acl:relcl 8 round round ADV _ 7 winds advmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 round cc 10 round round VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 winds conj 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 point det 12 centre centre NOUN Number=Sing 13 point compound 13 point point NOUN Number=Sing 10 round obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 getting punct 15 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 curve appos 16 further further ADV _ 17 away advmod 17 away away ADV _ 15 getting advmod 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 closer cc 19 closer close ADJ Degree=Cmp 15 getting conj 20 each each DET PronType=Tot 21 time det 21 time time NOUN Number=Sing 15 getting obl:unmarked 22 , , PUNCT _ 25 shape punct 23 like like ADP _ 25 shape case 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 shape det 25 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 5 curve conj 26 of of ADP _ 29 shell case 27 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 29 shell det 28 snail snail NOUN Number=Sing 29 shell compound 29 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 25 shape nmod 30 . . PUNCT _ 5 curve punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spiral a curve and the shape of a snail shell tree rules 2 wind present a curve and the shape of a snail shell round property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 3 round infinitive a curve and the shape of a snail shell not said here a centre point vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent point=Patient 4 get gerund time away property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A spiral is also a shape that winds upward like a spring or a corkscrew: «a spiral staircase».
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop advmod det nsubj acl:relcl advmod case det obl cc det conj punct punct det amod parataxis punct punct root A DET spiral NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET shape NOUN that PRON winds VERB upward ADV like ADP a DET spring NOUN or CCONJ a DET corkscrew NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET spiral ADJ staircase NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spiral det 2 spiral spiral NOUN Number=Sing 6 shape nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 shape cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 shape advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 shape det 6 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 winds nsubj 8 winds wind VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 shape acl:relcl 9 upward upward ADV _ 8 winds advmod 10 like like ADP _ 12 spring case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 spring det 12 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 8 winds obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 corkscrew cc 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 corkscrew det 15 corkscrew corkscrew NOUN Number=Sing 12 spring conj 16 : : PUNCT _ 20 staircase punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 20 staircase punct 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 staircase det 19 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 20 staircase amod 20 staircase staircase NOUN Number=Sing 8 winds parataxis 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 staircase punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 shape punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spiral a shape tree rules 2 wind present a shape spring upward property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To spiral means to move in a spiral, or to get quickly worse or bigger: «prices spiralled».
The tree, 17 words mark csubj mark xcomp case det obl punct cc mark conj advmod xcomp cc conj punct punct parataxis acl punct punct root To PART spiral VERB means VERB to PART move VERB in ADP a DET spiral NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART get VERB quickly ADV worse ADJ or CCONJ bigger ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT prices NOUN spiralled VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spiral mark 2 spiral spiral VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 move mark 5 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 8 spiral case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 spiral det 8 spiral spiral NOUN Number=Sing 5 move obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 get punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 get cc 11 to to PART _ 12 get mark 12 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 move conj 13 quickly quickly ADV _ 14 worse advmod 14 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 get xcomp 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 bigger cc 16 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 14 worse conj 17 : : PUNCT _ 19 prices punct 18 « « PUNCT _ 19 prices punct 19 prices price NOUN Number=Plur 3 means parataxis 20 spiralled spirall VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 19 prices acl 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 spiralled punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spiral to-infinitive vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 move not said to happen to-infinitive a spiral vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in spiral=Trajectory 4 get to-infinitive bad property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 5 spirall in a quote participle prices not said here tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.
«A downward spiral» is when things keep getting worse.
punct det amod nsubj punct mark nsubj ccomp xcomp xcomp punct root « PUNCT A DET downward ADJ spiral NOUN » PUNCT is VERB when SCONJ things NOUN keep VERB getting VERB worse ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 spiral punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 spiral det 3 downward downward ADJ Degree=Pos 4 spiral amod 4 spiral spiral NOUN Number=Sing 6 is nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 spiral punct 6 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 when when SCONJ _ 9 keep mark 8 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 9 keep nsubj 9 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 is ccomp 10 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 keep xcomp 11 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 10 getting xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a downward spiral tree rules 2 keep present things tree rules 3 get gerund things not said here bad property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 A snail's shell is a spiral.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop det punct root A DET snail NOUN 's PART shell NOUN is AUX a DET spiral NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 snail det 2 snail snail NOUN Number=Sing 4 shell nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 snail case 4 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 7 spiral nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 spiral cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 spiral det 7 spiral spiral NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 spiral punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a snail's shell a spiral tree rules
Example 2 We climbed the spiral staircase to the top of the tower.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl case det nmod punct root We PRON climbed VERB the DET spiral ADJ staircase NOUN to ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET tower NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 climbed nsubj 2 climbed climb VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 staircase det 4 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 5 staircase amod 5 staircase staircase NOUN Number=Sing 2 climbed obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 top case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 top det 8 top top NOUN Number=Sing 2 climbed obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 tower case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 tower det 11 tower tower NOUN Number=Sing 8 top nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 climbed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 climb past We the spiral staircase to the top of the tower result vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient staircase=Extent to top=Result
Example 3 The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy.
det amod nsubj cop det amod punct root The DET Milky ADJ Way PROPN is AUX a DET spiral ADJ galaxy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Way det 2 Milky milky ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Way amod 3 Way Way PROPN Number=Sing 7 galaxy nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 galaxy cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 galaxy det 6 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 7 galaxy amod 7 galaxy galaxy NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 galaxy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Milky Way a spiral galaxy tree rules
Example 4 The leaf spiralled down to the ground.
det acl compound:prt case det obl punct root The DET leaf NOUN spiralled VERB down ADP to ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 leaf det 2 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 spiralled spirall VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 leaf acl 4 down down ADP _ 3 spiralled compound:prt 5 to to ADP _ 7 ground case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ground det 7 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 3 spiralled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 leaf punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spirall down participle the leaf not said here to the ground tree rules
Example 5 Sunflower seeds grow in spirals.
compound nsubj case obl punct root Sunflower NOUN seeds NOUN grow VERB in ADP spirals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sunflower sunflower NOUN Number=Sing 2 seeds compound 2 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow nsubj 3 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 spirals case 5 spirals spiral NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Sunflower seeds spirals vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in spiral=Location
Example 6 Write it in your spiral notebook.
obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root Write VERB it PRON in ADP your PRON spiral ADJ notebook NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Write obj 3 in in ADP _ 6 notebook case 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 notebook nmod:poss 5 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 6 notebook amod 6 notebook notebook NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here it your spiral notebook vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in notebook=Destination
Example 7 Prices spiralled when there was not enough food.
nsubj mark advmod expl cop advmod amod punct root Prices NOUN spiralled VERB when ADV there PRON was AUX not PART enough ADJ food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Prices price NOUN Number=Plur 8 food nsubj 2 spiralled spirall VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 was mark 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 5 was advmod 4 there there PRON PronType=Dem 5 was expl 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 food cop 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 food advmod 7 enough enough ADJ Degree=Pos 8 food amod 8 food food NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 food punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spirall participle tree rules 2 not is a past Prices enough food tree rules
Example 8 The staircase was of cast iron, spiral, broad and easy.
det nsubj cop case compound punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root The DET staircase NOUN was AUX of ADP cast NOUN iron NOUN , PUNCT spiral ADJ , PUNCT broad ADJ and CCONJ easy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 staircase det 2 staircase staircase NOUN Number=Sing 6 iron nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 iron cop 4 of of ADP _ 6 iron case 5 cast cast NOUN Number=Sing 6 iron compound 6 iron iron NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 spiral punct 8 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 6 iron conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 broad punct 10 broad broad ADJ Degree=Pos 8 spiral conj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 easy cc 12 easy easy ADJ Degree=Pos 8 spiral conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 iron punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the staircase of cast iron tree rules 2 be the staircase not said here tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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