spiracle Who acts: spiracle, breathing, Insects, We, Air, stingray · What happens: be, open, call, breathe, see, magnify · To what, where: tiny breathing hole, side, breathing, head, blowhole, spiracles · Speech: someone speaks here
«spiracle» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spiracle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A spiracle is a tiny breathing hole in the side of an insect's or spider's body.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod compound case det nmod case det nmod case cc nmod:poss case conj punct root A DET spiracle NOUN is AUX a DET tiny ADJ breathing NOUN hole NOUN in ADP the DET side NOUN of ADP an DET insect NOUN 's PART or CCONJ spider NOUN 's PART body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spiracle det 2 spiracle spiracle NOUN Number=Sing 7 hole nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 hole cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 hole det 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hole amod 6 breathing breathing NOUN Number=Sing 7 hole compound 7 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 side case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 side det 10 side side NOUN Number=Sing 7 hole nmod 11 of of ADP _ 13 insect case 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 insect det 13 insect insect NOUN Number=Sing 10 side nmod 14 's 's PART _ 13 insect case 15 or or CCONJ _ 18 body cc 16 spider spider NOUN Number=Sing 18 body nmod:poss 17 's 's PART _ 16 spider case 18 body body NOUN Number=Sing 10 side conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 hole punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spiracle a tiny breathing hole the side of a insect or spider's body tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In some fish, like sharks and rays, and in whales, a spiracle is a breathing opening on the head (a whale's blowhole is sometimes called this).
The tree, 27 words case det punct case conj cc conj punct cc case conj punct det nsubj cop det conj acl case det obl punct det nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod acl obj punct punct root In ADP some DET fish NOUN , PUNCT like ADP sharks NOUN and CCONJ rays NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ in ADP whales NOUN , PUNCT a DET spiracle NOUN is AUX a DET breathing NOUN opening VERB on ADP the DET head NOUN ( PUNCT a DET whale NOUN 's PART blowhole NOUN is AUX sometimes ADV called VERB this PRON ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 fish case 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 fish det 3 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 sharks punct 5 like like ADP _ 6 sharks case 6 sharks shark NOUN Number=Plur 3 fish conj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 rays cc 8 rays ray NOUN Number=Plur 3 fish conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 whales punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 whales cc 11 in in ADP _ 12 whales case 12 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 3 fish conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 breathing punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 spiracle det 15 spiracle spiracle NOUN Number=Sing 18 breathing nsubj 16 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 breathing cop 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 breathing det 18 breathing breathing NOUN Number=Sing 12 whales conj 19 opening open VERB VerbForm=Ger 18 breathing acl 20 on on ADP _ 22 head case 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 head det 22 head head NOUN Number=Sing 19 opening obl 23 ( ( PUNCT _ 30 called punct 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 whale det 25 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 27 blowhole nmod:poss 26 's 's PART _ 25 whale case 27 blowhole blowhole NOUN Number=Sing 30 called nsubj:pass 28 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 30 called aux:pass 29 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 30 called advmod 30 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 18 breathing acl 31 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 30 called obj 32 ) ) PUNCT _ 30 called punct 33 . . PUNCT _ 12 whales punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spiracle a breathing tree rules 2 open gerund a breathing not said here the head vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on head=Location 3 call present · passive a breathing not said here a whale's blowhole sometimes property vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme this=Result
Example 1 Insects breathe through spiracles.
nsubj case obl punct root Insects NOUN breathe VERB through ADP spiracles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 2 breathe nsubj 2 breathe breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 4 spiracles case 4 spiracles spiracle NOUN Number=Plur 2 breathe obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 breathe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe present Insects spiracles vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 We saw the spiracles on the caterpillar's side with a magnifying glass.
nsubj det obj case det nmod:poss case obl case det amod obl punct root We PRON saw VERB the DET spiracles NOUN on ADP the DET caterpillar NOUN 's PART side NOUN with ADP a DET magnifying VERB glass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 spiracles det 4 spiracles spiracle NOUN Number=Plur 2 saw obj 5 on on ADP _ 9 side case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 caterpillar det 7 caterpillar caterpillar NOUN Number=Sing 9 side nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 caterpillar case 9 side side NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 10 with with ADP _ 13 glass case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 glass det 12 magnifying magnify VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 glass amod 13 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We the spiracles the caterpillar's side with a magnifying glass vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spiracle=Stimulus 2 magnify gerund vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
Example 3 Air enters through the spiracles and travels down tubes.
nsubj case det obl cc conj advmod obj punct root Air NOUN enters VERB through ADP the DET spiracles NOUN and CCONJ travels VERB down ADV tubes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Air air NOUN Number=Sing 2 enters nsubj 2 enters enter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 5 spiracles case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 spiracles det 5 spiracles spiracle NOUN Number=Plur 2 enters obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 travels cc 7 travels travel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 enters conj 8 down down ADV _ 7 travels advmod 9 tubes tube NOUN Number=Plur 7 travels obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 enters punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 enter present Air the spiracles vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through spiracle=Initial_Location 2 travel down present Air not said here tubes down property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tube=Trajectory
Example 4 A stingray has spiracles behind its eyes.
det nsubj obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root A DET stingray NOUN has VERB spiracles NOUN behind ADP its PRON eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 stingray det 2 stingray stingray NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 spiracles spiracle NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 5 behind behind ADP _ 7 eyes case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 eyes nmod:poss 7 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 4 spiracles nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a stingray spiracles stingray's eyes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spiracle=Patient
Example 5 Spiracles can close to keep water out.
nsubj aux mark xcomp obj compound:prt punct root Spiracles NOUN can AUX close VERB to PART keep VERB water NOUN out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spiracles spiracle NOUN Number=Plur 3 close nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 close aux 3 close close VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 to to PART _ 5 keep mark 5 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 close xcomp 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 keep obj 7 out out ADP _ 5 keep compound:prt 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 close punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close can Spiracles tree rules 2 keep out to-infinitive Spiracles not said here water vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
Example 6 Insects have no lungs, only spiracles and air tubes.
nsubj det obj punct advmod conj cc compound conj punct root Insects NOUN have VERB no DET lungs NOUN , PUNCT only ADV spiracles NOUN and CCONJ air NOUN tubes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 lungs det 4 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 spiracles punct 6 only only ADV _ 7 spiracles advmod 7 spiracles spiracle NOUN Number=Plur 4 lungs conj 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 tubes cc 9 air air NOUN Number=Sing 10 tubes compound 10 tubes tube NOUN Number=Plur 4 lungs conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Insects no lungs and spiracles and air tubes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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