spiny Who acts: Spiny, hedgehog, echidna, Cactuses, animals, you · What happens: mean, cover, have, live, stop, eat · To what, where: spiny back, Australia, spiny stems, animals, spiny sea urchin, fish · Speech: someone speaks here
«spiny» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spiny in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Spiny means covered with spines — sharp, stiff points like thorns or prickles.
The tree, 12 words nsubj ccomp case obl punct amod punct amod conj case nmod cc conj punct root Spiny ADJ means VERB covered VERB with ADP spines NOUN — PUNCT sharp ADJ , PUNCT stiff ADJ points NOUN like ADP thorns NOUN or CCONJ prickles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spiny spiny ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 with with ADP _ 5 spines case 5 spines spine NOUN Number=Plur 3 covered obl 6 — - PUNCT _ 10 points punct 7 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 10 points amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 sharp punct 9 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 10 points amod 10 points point NOUN Number=Plur 5 spines conj 11 like like ADP _ 12 thorns case 12 thorns thorn NOUN Number=Plur 10 points nmod 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 prickles cc 14 prickles prickle NOUN Number=Plur 12 thorns conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Spiny vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cover participle with spines and sharp stiff points like thorns or prickles vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with spine=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A hedgehog has a spiny back.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root A DET hedgehog NOUN has VERB a DET spiny ADJ back NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hedgehog det 2 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 back det 5 spiny spiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 back amod 6 back back NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a hedgehog a spiny back vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent back=Patient
Example 2 The echidna, or spiny anteater, lives in Australia.
det nsubj punct cc amod conj punct case obl punct root The DET echidna NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ spiny ADJ anteater NOUN , PUNCT lives VERB in ADP Australia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 echidna det 2 echidna echidna NOUN Number=Sing 8 lives nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 anteater punct 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 anteater cc 5 spiny spiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 anteater amod 6 anteater anteater NOUN Number=Sing 2 echidna conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 2 echidna punct 8 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 in in ADP _ 10 Australia case 10 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 8 lives obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 lives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present the echidna or spiny anteater Australia vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in australia=Location
Example 3 Cactuses have spiny stems to stop animals eating them.
nsubj amod obj mark advcl obj acl obj punct root Cactuses NOUN have VERB spiny ADJ stems NOUN to PART stop VERB animals NOUN eating VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cactuses cactuse NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 spiny spiny ADJ Degree=Pos 4 stems amod 4 stems stem NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 5 to to PART _ 6 stop mark 6 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 have advcl 7 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 6 stop obj 8 eating eat VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 animals acl 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 eating obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Cactuses spiny stems vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stem=Patient 2 stop to-infinitive Cactuses not said here animals vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality animal=Eventuality 3 eat gerund animals not said here animals = animal vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
Example 4 Don't step on that spiny sea urchin.
aux advmod case nsubj amod compound obl punct root Do AUX n't PART step VERB on ADP that PRON spiny ADJ sea NOUN urchin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 step aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 step advmod 3 step step VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 8 urchin case 5 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 urchin nsubj 6 spiny spiny ADJ Degree=Pos 8 urchin amod 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 8 urchin compound 8 urchin urchin NOUN Number=Sing 3 step obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 step punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not step imperative · do-support you not said here spiny sea urchin vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on urchin=Trajectory
Example 5 The spiny fish puffed itself up.
det amod nsubj obj compound:prt punct root The DET spiny ADJ fish NOUN puffed VERB itself PRON up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fish det 2 spiny spiny ADJ Degree=Pos 3 fish amod 3 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 4 puffed nsubj 4 puffed puff VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 4 puffed obj 6 up up ADP _ 4 puffed compound:prt 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 puffed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 puff up past the spiny fish fish vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location itself=Source
Example 6 Holly leaves are spiny at the edges.
compound nsubj cop case det obl punct root Holly PROPN leaves NOUN are AUX spiny ADJ at ADP the DET edges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Holly Holly PROPN Number=Sing 2 leaves compound 2 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 4 spiny nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 spiny cop 4 spiny spiny ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 at at ADP _ 7 edges case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 edges det 7 edges edge NOUN Number=Plur 4 spiny obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 spiny punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Holly leaves the edges spiny property tree rules
Example 7 Spiny lobsters have no big claws, just spiky shells.
amod nsubj det amod obj punct advmod amod conj punct root Spiny ADJ lobsters NOUN have VERB no DET big ADJ claws NOUN , PUNCT just ADV spiky ADJ shells NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spiny spiny ADJ Degree=Pos 2 lobsters amod 2 lobsters lobster NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 no no DET PronType=Neg 6 claws det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 claws amod 6 claws claw NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 shells punct 8 just just ADV _ 10 shells advmod 9 spiky spiky ADJ Degree=Pos 10 shells amod 10 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 6 claws conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Spiny lobsters no big claws and spiky shells vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claw=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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