spire Who acts: spire, church spire, Salisbury Cathedral, We, Oxford, Lightning · What happens: be, point, shape, rise, have, see · To what, where: anything, village, tall spire, spire, motorway, sea
«spire» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spire in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A spire is a tall, pointed, cone-shaped structure on top of a building, usually on a church tower.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det punct conj punct compound punct amod conj case nmod case det nmod punct advmod case det compound conj punct root A DET spire NOUN is AUX a DET tall ADJ , PUNCT pointed VERB , PUNCT cone NOUN - PUNCT shaped VERB structure NOUN on ADP top NOUN of ADP a DET building NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV on ADP a DET church NOUN tower NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spire det 2 spire spire NOUN Number=Sing 5 tall nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tall cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tall det 5 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 pointed punct 7 pointed point VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 tall conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 structure punct 9 cone cone NOUN Number=Sing 11 shaped compound 10 - - PUNCT _ 9 cone punct 11 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 structure amod 12 structure structure NOUN Number=Sing 5 tall conj 13 on on ADP _ 14 top case 14 top top NOUN Number=Sing 12 structure nmod 15 of of ADP _ 17 building case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 building det 17 building building NOUN Number=Sing 14 top nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 23 tower punct 19 usually usually ADV _ 23 tower advmod 20 on on ADP _ 23 tower case 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 tower det 22 church church NOUN Number=Sing 23 tower compound 23 tower tower NOUN Number=Sing 5 tall conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 tall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a spire tall property tree rules 2 point participle a spire not said here vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A spire can be anything tall, thin and pointed, like a rock spire or the tip of a tree.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj aux cop amod punct conj cc conj punct case det compound conj cc det conj case det nmod punct root A DET spire NOUN can AUX be AUX anything PRON tall ADJ , PUNCT thin ADJ and CCONJ pointed ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET rock NOUN spire NOUN or CCONJ the DET tip NOUN of ADP a DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spire det 2 spire spire NOUN Number=Sing 5 anything nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 anything aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 anything cop 5 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 6 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 5 anything amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 thin punct 8 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tall conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 pointed cc 10 pointed pointed ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tall conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 spire punct 12 like like ADP _ 15 spire case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 spire det 14 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 15 spire compound 15 spire spire NOUN Number=Sing 5 anything conj 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 tip cc 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 tip det 18 tip tip NOUN Number=Sing 15 spire conj 19 of of ADP _ 21 tree case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 tree det 21 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 18 tip nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 anything punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a spire anything tree rules
Example 1 The church spire rose above the village.
det compound nsubj case det obl punct root The DET church NOUN spire NOUN rose VERB above ADP the DET village NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 spire det 2 church church NOUN Number=Sing 3 spire compound 3 spire spire NOUN Number=Sing 4 rose nsubj 4 rose rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 above above ADP _ 7 village case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 village det 7 village village NOUN Number=Sing 4 rose obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 rose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise past the church spire the village vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above village=Location
Example 2 Salisbury Cathedral has a very tall spire.
compound nsubj det advmod amod obj punct root Salisbury PROPN Cathedral PROPN has VERB a DET very ADV tall ADJ spire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Salisbury Salisbury PROPN Number=Sing 2 Cathedral compound 2 Cathedral Cathedral PROPN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 spire det 5 very very ADV _ 6 tall advmod 6 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 7 spire amod 7 spire spire NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Salisbury Cathedral a tall spire vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spire=Patient
Example 3 We could see the spire from the motorway.
nsubj aux det obj case det obl punct root We PRON could AUX see VERB the DET spire NOUN from ADP the DET motorway NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 see nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 see aux 3 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 spire det 5 spire spire NOUN Number=Sing 3 see obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 motorway case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 motorway det 8 motorway motorway NOUN Number=Sing 3 see obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see could We the spire the motorway vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spire=Stimulus
Example 4 Oxford is famous for its spires.
nsubj cop case nmod:poss obl punct root Oxford PROPN is AUX famous ADJ for ADP its PRON spires NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oxford Oxford PROPN Number=Sing 3 famous nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 famous cop 3 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 spires case 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 spires nmod:poss 6 spires spire NOUN Number=Plur 3 famous obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 famous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Oxford for its spires; famous property tree rules
Example 5 Lightning struck the spire during the storm.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Lightning NOUN struck VERB the DET spire NOUN during ADP the DET storm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lightning lightning NOUN Number=Sing 2 struck nsubj 2 struck strike VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 spire det 4 spire spire NOUN Number=Sing 2 struck obj 5 during during ADP _ 7 storm case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 storm det 7 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 2 struck obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 struck punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 strike past Lightning the spire during the storm vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spire=Patient
Example 6 Rocky spires stood up from the sea.
amod nsubj compound:prt case det obl punct root Rocky ADJ spires NOUN stood VERB up ADP from ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rocky rocky ADJ Degree=Pos 2 spires amod 2 spires spire NOUN Number=Plur 3 stood nsubj 3 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 stood compound:prt 5 from from ADP _ 7 sea case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sea det 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 3 stood obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand up past Rocky spires the sea vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 A spire is shaped like a tall cone.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det amod obl punct root A DET spire NOUN is AUX shaped VERB like ADP a DET tall ADJ cone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spire det 2 spire spire NOUN Number=Sing 4 shaped nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 shaped aux:pass 4 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 like like ADP _ 8 cone case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cone det 7 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cone amod 8 cone cone NOUN Number=Sing 4 shaped obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 shaped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape present · passive a spire like a tall cone vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 8 All they could see was a mass of towers and steeples behind the green walls, and high up above everything the spires and dome of the Palace of Oz.
The tree, 29 words nsubj nsubj aux acl:relcl cop det case nmod cc conj case det amod nmod punct cc amod advmod case nmod det appos cc conj case det nmod case nmod root All DET they PRON could AUX see VERB was AUX a DET mass NOUN of ADP towers NOUN and CCONJ steeples NOUN behind ADP the DET green ADJ walls NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ high ADJ up ADV above ADP everything PRON the DET spires NOUN and CCONJ dome NOUN of ADP the DET Palace PROPN of ADP Oz. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 All all DET PronType=Tot 7 mass nsubj 2 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 see nsubj 3 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 see aux 4 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 All acl:relcl 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 mass cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 mass det 7 mass mass NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 towers case 9 towers tower NOUN Number=Plur 7 mass nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 steeples cc 11 steeples steeple NOUN Number=Plur 9 towers conj 12 behind behind ADP _ 15 walls case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 walls det 14 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 15 walls amod 15 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 9 towers nmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 high punct 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 high cc 18 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 7 mass amod 19 up up ADV _ 18 high advmod 20 above above ADP _ 21 everything case 21 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 7 mass nmod 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 spires det 23 spires spire NOUN Number=Plur 21 everything appos 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 dome cc 25 dome dome NOUN Number=Sing 23 spires conj 26 of of ADP _ 28 Palace case 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 Palace det 28 Palace Palace PROPN Number=Sing 25 dome nmod 29 of of ADP _ 30 Oz. case 30 Oz. Oz. PROPN Number=Sing 28 Palace nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see could they vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 is a past All a mass everything of towers behind the green walls and steeples tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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