spitting Who acts: spitting image, It, Spitting, we, sausages, angry cat · What happens: force, rain, make, hiss, look, spit · To what, where: saliva, mouth, small hot bursts, someone, park, hot pan
«spitting» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spitting in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Forcing saliva (spit) or food out of your mouth.
obj punct appos punct cc conj case case nmod:poss obl punct root Forcing VERB saliva NOUN ( PUNCT spit NOUN ) PUNCT or CCONJ food NOUN out ADP of ADP your PRON mouth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forcing force VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 saliva saliva NOUN Number=Sing 1 Forcing obj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 spit punct 4 spit spit NOUN Number=Sing 2 saliva appos 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 spit punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 food cc 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 saliva conj 8 out out ADP _ 11 mouth case 9 of of ADP _ 11 mouth case 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 mouth nmod:poss 11 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 1 Forcing obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Forcing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 force gerund saliva or food your mouth vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent saliva=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: of rain, UK and Ireland — kept apart, not parsed.
Raining very lightly.
advmod advmod punct root Raining VERB very ADV lightly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 very very ADV _ 3 lightly advmod 3 lightly lightly ADV _ 1 Raining advmod 4 . . PUNCT _ 1 Raining punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain gerund lightly property vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"It's only spitting."
punct nsubj aux advmod punct punct root " PUNCT It PRON 's AUX only ADV spitting VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 spitting punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 spitting nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 spitting aux 4 only only ADV _ 5 spitting advmod 5 spitting spit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 spitting punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 5 spitting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spit in a quote present · progressive It vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Making small hot bursts or sparks, like fat in a pan or a fire.
The tree, 14 words amod amod obj cc conj punct case conj case det nmod cc det conj punct root Making VERB small ADJ hot ADJ bursts NOUN or CCONJ sparks NOUN , PUNCT like ADP fat NOUN in ADP a DET pan NOUN or CCONJ a DET fire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 bursts amod 3 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 4 bursts amod 4 bursts burst NOUN Number=Plur 1 Making obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 sparks cc 6 sparks spark NOUN Number=Plur 4 bursts conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 fat punct 8 like like ADP _ 9 fat case 9 fat fat NOUN Number=Sing 4 bursts conj 10 in in ADP _ 12 pan case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 pan det 12 pan pan NOUN Number=Sing 9 fat nmod 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 fire cc 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 fire det 15 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 12 pan conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 1 Making punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make gerund small hot bursts or sparks and fat in a pan or a fire vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset burst=Product
Meaning 4 Usage: of an animal — kept apart, not parsed.
Hissing angrily, like a cat.
advmod punct case det obl punct root Hissing VERB angrily ADV , PUNCT like ADP a DET cat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hissing hiss VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 angrily angrily ADV _ 1 Hissing advmod 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 cat punct 4 like like ADP _ 6 cat case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cat det 6 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hissing obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hissing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hiss gerund like a cat; angrily property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 In "spitting image": looking exactly like someone.
case punct amod punct punct acl advmod case obl punct root In ADP " PUNCT spitting ADJ image NOUN " PUNCT : PUNCT looking VERB exactly ADV like ADP someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 image case 2 " " PUNCT _ 4 image punct 3 spitting spitting ADJ Degree=Pos 4 image amod 4 image image NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 image punct 6 : : PUNCT _ 7 looking punct 7 looking look VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 image acl 8 exactly exactly ADV _ 7 looking advmod 9 like like ADP _ 10 someone case 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 looking obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 image punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look gerund spitting image not said here like someone; exactly property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Meaning 6 In "spitting distance": very close.
case punct amod obl punct punct advmod punct root In ADP " PUNCT spitting ADJ distance NOUN " PUNCT : PUNCT very ADV close ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 distance case 2 " " PUNCT _ 4 distance punct 3 spitting spitting ADJ Degree=Pos 4 distance amod 4 distance distance NOUN Number=Sing 8 close obl 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 distance punct 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 close punct 7 very very ADV _ 8 close advmod 8 close close ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 close punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 Spitting at someone is very rude.
csubj case obl cop advmod punct root Spitting VERB at ADP someone PRON is AUX very ADV rude ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spitting spit VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 rude csubj 2 at at ADP _ 3 someone case 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Spitting obl 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 rude cop 5 very very ADV _ 6 rude advmod 6 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 rude punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spit gerund someone vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present Spitting rude property tree rules
Example 2 It's just spitting, so we can still go to the park.
nsubj aux advmod punct advmod nsubj aux advmod conj case det obl punct root It PRON 's AUX just ADV spitting VERB , PUNCT so ADV we PRON can AUX still ADV go VERB to ADP the DET park NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 spitting nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 spitting aux 3 just just ADV _ 4 spitting advmod 4 spitting spit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 go punct 6 so so ADV _ 10 go advmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 go nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 go aux 9 still still ADV _ 10 go advmod 10 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 spitting conj 11 to to ADP _ 13 park case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 park det 13 park park NOUN Number=Sing 10 go obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 spitting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spit present · progressive It vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 go can we the park still vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to park=Initial_Location
Example 3 The sausages were spitting in the hot pan.
det nsubj aux case det amod obl punct root The DET sausages NOUN were AUX spitting VERB in ADP the DET hot ADJ pan NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sausages det 2 sausages sausage NOUN Number=Plur 4 spitting nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 spitting aux 4 spitting spit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 in in ADP _ 8 pan case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 pan det 7 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 8 pan amod 8 pan pan NOUN Number=Sing 4 spitting obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 spitting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spit past · progressive the sausages the hot pan vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The angry cat was spitting and hissing.
det amod nsubj aux cc conj punct root The DET angry ADJ cat NOUN was AUX spitting VERB and CCONJ hissing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cat det 2 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cat amod 3 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 5 spitting nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 spitting aux 5 spitting spit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 hissing cc 7 hissing hiss VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 spitting conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 spitting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spit past · progressive the angry cat vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 hiss gerund the angry cat not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 You're the spitting image of your mum!
nsubj cop det amod case nmod:poss nmod punct root You PRON 're AUX the DET spitting ADJ image NOUN of ADP your PRON mum NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 image nsubj 2 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 image cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 image det 4 spitting spitting ADJ Degree=Pos 5 image amod 5 image image NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 mum case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 mum nmod:poss 8 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 5 image nmod 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 image punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present You the spitting image of your mum tree rules
Example 6 The beach is within spitting distance of our hotel.
det nsubj cop case amod case nmod:poss nmod punct root The DET beach NOUN is AUX within ADP spitting ADJ distance NOUN of ADP our PRON hotel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 beach det 2 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 6 distance nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 distance cop 4 within within ADP _ 6 distance case 5 spitting spitting ADJ Degree=Pos 6 distance amod 6 distance distance NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 hotel case 8 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 hotel nmod:poss 9 hotel hotel NOUN Number=Sing 6 distance nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 distance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the beach within spitting distance; of our hotel tree rules
Example 7 The coach was spitting mad after the match.
det nsubj aux xcomp case det obl punct root The DET coach NOUN was AUX spitting VERB mad ADJ after ADP the DET match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 coach det 2 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 4 spitting nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 spitting aux 4 spitting spit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 mad mad ADJ Degree=Pos 4 spitting xcomp 6 after after ADP _ 8 match case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 match det 8 match match NOUN Number=Sing 5 mad obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 spitting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spit past · progressive the coach mad property vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Brush your teeth, then finish by spitting into the sink.
nmod:poss obj punct advmod parataxis mark advcl case det obl punct root Brush VERB your PRON teeth NOUN , PUNCT then ADV finish VERB by SCONJ spitting VERB into ADP the DET sink NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Brush brush VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 teeth nmod:poss 3 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 1 Brush obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 finish punct 5 then then ADV PronType=Dem 6 finish advmod 6 finish finish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Brush parataxis 7 by by SCONJ _ 8 spitting mark 8 spitting spit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 finish advcl 9 into into ADP _ 11 sink case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sink det 11 sink sink NOUN Number=Sing 8 spitting obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Brush punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 brush imperative you not said here your teeth vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme 2 finish infinitive then vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 3 spit gerund the sink vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 From that time forward the Smith gave up spitting at the Demon and striking him with his hammer.
The tree, 18 words case det obl det nsubj ccomp compound:prt advcl case det obl cc conj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root From ADP that DET time NOUN forward VERB the DET Smith PROPN gave VERB up ADP spitting VERB at ADP the DET Demon PROPN and CCONJ striking VERB him PRON with ADP his PRON hammer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 From from ADP _ 3 time case 2 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 3 time det 3 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 forward obl 4 forward forward VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Smith det 6 Smith Smith PROPN Number=Sing 7 gave nsubj 7 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 forward ccomp 8 up up ADP _ 7 gave compound:prt 9 spitting spit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 gave advcl 10 at at ADP _ 12 Demon case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Demon det 12 Demon Demon PROPN Number=Sing 9 spitting obl 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 striking cc 14 striking strike VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 spitting conj 15 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 striking obj 16 with with ADP _ 18 hammer case 17 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 18 hammer nmod:poss 18 hammer hammer NOUN Number=Sing 14 striking obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 forward punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forward imperative you not said here time tree rules 2 give up past the Smith vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 spit gerund the Smith not said here at the Demon vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 strike gerund the Smith not said here Smith with Smith's hammer vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with hammer=Instrument
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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