spy Who acts: spy, person, someone, I, you, 's · What happens: be, collect, spy, notice, send, stop · To what, where: person, information, something, it, secret message, code · Speech: someone speaks here
«spy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spy in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A spy is a person who secretly collects information about another country, group or person.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det nsubj advmod acl:relcl obj case det nmod punct parataxis cc conj punct root A DET spy NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON secretly ADV collects VERB information NOUN about ADP another DET country NOUN , PUNCT group NOUN or CCONJ person NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spy det 2 spy spy NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 collects nsubj 7 secretly secretly ADV _ 8 collects advmod 8 collects collect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 9 information information NOUN Number=Sing 8 collects obj 10 about about ADP _ 12 country case 11 another another DET PronType=Ind 12 country det 12 country country NOUN Number=Sing 9 information nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 group punct 14 group group NOUN Number=Sing 9 information parataxis 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 person cc 16 person person NOUN Number=Sing 14 group conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spy a person tree rules 2 collect present a person information about another country; secretly property vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent information=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To spy on someone is to watch them secretly.
mark mark nsubj cop mark advcl obj advmod punct root To PART spy VERB on SCONJ someone PRON is AUX to PART watch VERB them PRON secretly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spy mark 2 spy spy VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on SCONJ _ 7 watch mark 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 watch nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 watch cop 6 to to PART _ 7 watch mark 7 watch watch VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 spy advcl 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 watch obj 9 secretly secretly ADV _ 7 watch advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 spy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spy to-infinitive vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 2 is present someone secretly, watch property tree rules
Meaning 3 To spy something is to see or notice it: «I spy with my little eye…».
The tree, 15 words mark advcl obj cop mark cc conj obj punct punct nsubj parataxis case nmod:poss amod obl punct punct punct root To PART spy VERB something PRON is AUX to PART see VERB or CCONJ notice VERB it PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON spy VERB with ADP my PRON little ADJ eye NOUN … PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 spy mark 2 spy spy VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 see advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 spy obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 see cop 5 to to PART _ 6 see mark 6 see see VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 notice cc 8 notice notice VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 see conj 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 notice obj 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 spy punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 spy punct 12 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 spy nsubj 13 spy spy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 see parataxis 14 with with ADP _ 17 eye case 15 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 eye nmod:poss 16 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 17 eye amod 17 eye eye NOUN Number=Sing 13 spy obl 18 … . PUNCT _ 13 spy punct 19 » » PUNCT _ 13 spy punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spy to-infinitive something vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 2 is present see property tree rules 3 notice infinitive it vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus 4 spy in a quote present I with my little eye vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 The spy sent a secret message in code.
det nsubj det amod obj case nmod punct root The DET spy NOUN sent VERB a DET secret ADJ message NOUN in ADP code NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 spy det 2 spy spy NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent nsubj 3 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 message det 5 secret secret ADJ Degree=Pos 6 message amod 6 message message NOUN Number=Sing 3 sent obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 code case 8 code code NOUN Number=Sing 6 message nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send past the spy a secret message code vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme in code=Destination
Example 2 Stop spying on me!
xcomp case obl punct root Stop VERB spying VERB on ADP me PRON ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 spying spy VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 on on ADP _ 4 me case 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 spying obl 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 spy gerund you not said here on me vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 Let's play «I spy» in the car.
obj xcomp punct nsubj conj punct case det obl punct root Let VERB 's PRON play VERB « PUNCT I PRON spy VERB » PUNCT in ADP the DET car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Let obj 3 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 spy punct 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 spy nsubj 6 spy spy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 play conj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 spy punct 8 in in ADP _ 10 car case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 car det 10 car car NOUN Number=Sing 6 spy obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here 's tree rules 2 play infinitive 's not said here vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 spy in a quote present I the car vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 I spy something beginning with «t».
nsubj obj acl case punct obl punct punct root I PRON spy VERB something PRON beginning VERB with ADP « PUNCT t NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 spy nsubj 2 spy spy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 spy obj 4 beginning begin VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 something acl 5 with with ADP _ 7 t case 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 t punct 7 t t NOUN Number=Sing 4 beginning obl 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 t punct 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 spy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spy present I something vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 2 begin gerund with t vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with t=Subeventuality
Example 5 She spied a coin under the sofa.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root She PRON spied VERB a DET coin NOUN under ADP the DET sofa NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 spied nsubj 2 spied spy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 coin det 4 coin coin NOUN Number=Sing 2 spied obj 5 under under ADP _ 7 sofa case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 sofa det 7 sofa sofa NOUN Number=Sing 2 spied obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 spied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spy past She a coin the sofa vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer coin=Stimulus
Example 6 In the war, spies hid secret plans in shoes.
case det obl punct nsubj amod obj case obl punct root In ADP the DET war NOUN , PUNCT spies NOUN hid VERB secret ADJ plans NOUN in ADP shoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 war case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 war det 3 war war NOUN Number=Sing 6 hid obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 war punct 5 spies spy NOUN Number=Plur 6 hid nsubj 6 hid hide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 secret secret ADJ Degree=Pos 8 plans amod 8 plans plan NOUN Number=Plur 6 hid obj 9 in in ADP _ 10 shoes case 10 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 6 hid obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 hid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hide past spies secret plans the war in shoes vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent plan=Patient in war=Location
Example 7 The spy wore a disguise so nobody knew him.
det nsubj det obj mark nsubj advcl obj punct root The DET spy NOUN wore VERB a DET disguise NOUN so SCONJ nobody PRON knew VERB him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 spy det 2 spy spy NOUN Number=Sing 3 wore nsubj 3 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 disguise det 5 disguise disguise NOUN Number=Sing 3 wore obj 6 so so SCONJ _ 8 knew mark 7 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 8 knew nsubj 8 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 wore advcl 9 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 knew obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past the spy a disguise vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent disguise=Theme 2 know past nobody spy vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus
Example 8 “Do you suspect me of being a spy sent by the ogre?”
The tree, 12 words punct aux nsubj obj case cop det obl acl case det obl punct punct root “ PUNCT Do AUX you PRON suspect VERB me PRON of ADP being AUX a DET spy NOUN sent VERB by ADP the DET ogre NOUN ? PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 4 suspect punct 2 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 suspect aux 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 suspect nsubj 4 suspect suspect VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 suspect obj 6 of of ADP _ 9 spy case 7 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 spy cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 spy det 9 spy spy NOUN Number=Sing 4 suspect obl 10 sent send VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 spy acl 11 by by ADP _ 13 ogre case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 ogre det 13 ogre ogre NOUN Number=Sing 10 sent obl 14 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 suspect punct 15 ” " PUNCT _ 4 suspect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 suspect in a quote present · do-support you me vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent i=Attribute 2 is in a quote gerund of a spy tree rules 3 send in a quote participle a spy not said here by the ogre vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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