statistics Who acts: maths, branch, Facts, we, statistics, more children · What happens: collect, organise, study, find, answer, show · To what, where: numbers, patterns, questions, Facts, town, maths · Speech: someone speaks here
«statistics» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: statistics in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The branch of maths that collects, organises and studies numbers and data to find patterns and answer questions.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj case nmod nsubj acl:relcl punct cc conj obj cc conj mark advcl obj cc conj obj punct root The DET branch NOUN of ADP maths NOUN that PRON collects VERB , PUNCT organises VERB and CCONJ studies VERB numbers NOUN and CCONJ data NOUN to PART find VERB patterns NOUN and CCONJ answer VERB questions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 branch det 2 branch branch NOUN Number=Sing 8 organises nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 maths case 4 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 2 branch nmod 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 collects nsubj 6 collects collect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 maths acl:relcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 2 branch punct 8 organises organise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 studies cc 10 studies study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 organises conj 11 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 10 studies obj 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 data cc 13 data data NOUN Number=Sing 11 numbers conj 14 to to PART _ 15 find mark 15 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 studies advcl 16 patterns pattern NOUN Number=Plur 15 find obj 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 answer cc 18 answer answer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 find conj 19 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 18 answer obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 8 organises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 collect present maths vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 organise present the branch of maths tree rules 3 study present the branch of maths not said here numbers and data vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic 4 find to-infinitive the branch of maths not said here patterns vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Topic 5 answer speech: assert present the branch of maths not said here questions vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Facts shown as numbers, such as how many people live in a town or the average rainfall.
The tree, 17 words nsubj acl case obl punct case fixed advmod amod nmod case det obl cc det amod conj punct root Facts NOUN shown VERB as ADP numbers NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP how ADV many ADJ people NOUN live VERB in ADP a DET town NOUN or CCONJ the DET average ADJ rainfall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 11 live nsubj 2 shown show VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Facts acl 3 as as ADP _ 4 numbers case 4 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 2 shown obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 people punct 6 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 10 people case 7 as as ADP _ 6 such fixed 8 how how ADV PronType=Int 9 many advmod 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 people amod 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 numbers nmod 11 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 in in ADP _ 14 town case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 town det 14 town town NOUN Number=Sing 11 live obl 15 or or CCONJ _ 18 rainfall cc 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 rainfall det 17 average average ADJ Degree=Pos 18 rainfall amod 18 rainfall rainfall NOUN Number=Sing 14 town conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 11 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show participle Facts not said here as numbers such many people vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 live present Facts a town or the average rainfall vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in town=Location
Meaning 3 Usage: a statistic — kept apart, not parsed.
One such number or fact.
amod appos cc conj punct root One NUM such ADJ number NOUN or CCONJ fact NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 2 such such ADJ Degree=Pos 3 number amod 3 number number NOUN Number=Sing 1 One appos 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 fact cc 5 fact fact NOUN Number=Sing 3 number conj 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 One punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 In maths we are learning about statistics and bar charts.
case obl nsubj aux case obl cc compound conj punct root In ADP maths NOUN we PRON are AUX learning VERB about ADP statistics NOUN and CCONJ bar NOUN charts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 maths case 2 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 5 learning obl 3 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 learning nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 learning aux 5 learning learn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 about about ADP _ 7 statistics case 7 statistics statistic NOUN Number=Plur 5 learning obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 charts cc 9 bar bar NOUN Number=Sing 10 charts compound 10 charts chart NOUN Number=Plur 7 statistics conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 learning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present · progressive we maths about statistics and bar charts vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about statistic=Topic
Example 2 The statistics show that more children walk to school than cycle.
det nsubj mark amod nsubj ccomp case obl case obl punct root The DET statistics NOUN show VERB that SCONJ more ADJ children NOUN walk VERB to ADP school NOUN than ADP cycle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 statistics det 2 statistics statistic NOUN Number=Plur 3 show nsubj 3 show show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 walk mark 5 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 children amod 6 children child NOUN Number=Plur 7 walk nsubj 7 walk walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 show ccomp 8 to to ADP _ 9 school case 9 school school NOUN Number=Sing 7 walk obl 10 than than ADP _ 11 cycle case 11 cycle cycle NOUN Number=Sing 7 walk obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the statistics vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 walk present more children to school result ; than cycle vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result
Example 3 Statistics is a useful subject for scientists.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root Statistics NOUN is AUX a DET useful ADJ subject NOUN for ADP scientists NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Statistics statistic NOUN Number=Plur 5 subject nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 subject cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 subject det 4 useful useful ADJ Degree=Pos 5 subject amod 5 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 scientists case 7 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 5 subject nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 subject punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Statistics a useful subject for scientists tree rules
Example 4 The cricket commentator read out the player's statistics.
det compound nsubj compound:prt det nmod:poss case obj punct root The DET cricket NOUN commentator NOUN read VERB out ADP the DET player NOUN 's PART statistics NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 commentator det 2 cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 3 commentator compound 3 commentator commentator NOUN Number=Sing 4 read nsubj 4 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 out out ADP _ 4 read compound:prt 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 player det 7 player player NOUN Number=Sing 9 statistics nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 player case 9 statistics statistic NOUN Number=Plur 4 read obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read out past the cricket commentator the player's statistics vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statistic=Topic
Example 5 Government statistics say the population is growing.
compound nsubj det nsubj aux ccomp punct root Government NOUN statistics NOUN say VERB the DET population NOUN is AUX growing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Government government NOUN Number=Sing 2 statistics compound 2 statistics statistic NOUN Number=Plur 3 say nsubj 3 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 population det 5 population population NOUN Number=Sing 7 growing nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 growing aux 7 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 say ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Government statistics vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 grow present · progressive the population vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 One shocking statistic is that many children skip breakfast.
nummod amod nsubj cop mark amod nsubj obj punct root One NUM shocking ADJ statistic NOUN is AUX that SCONJ many ADJ children NOUN skip VERB breakfast NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 statistic nummod 2 shocking shocking ADJ Degree=Pos 3 statistic amod 3 statistic statistic NOUN Number=Sing 8 skip nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 skip cop 5 that that SCONJ _ 8 skip mark 6 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 children amod 7 children child NOUN Number=Plur 8 skip nsubj 8 skip skip VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 8 skip obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 skip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present One shocking statistic skip property tree rules
Example 7 We used statistics to find the average height in our class.
nsubj obj mark advcl det amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root We PRON used VERB statistics NOUN to PART find VERB the DET average ADJ height NOUN in ADP our PRON class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 statistics statistic NOUN Number=Plur 2 used obj 4 to to PART _ 5 find mark 5 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 height det 7 average average ADJ Degree=Pos 8 height amod 8 height height NOUN Number=Sing 5 find obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 class case 10 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 class nmod:poss 11 class class NOUN Number=Sing 8 height nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past We statistics vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statistic=Patient 2 find to-infinitive We not said here the average height our class vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent height=Topic
Example 8 Be careful: statistics can be shown in a way that misleads you.
cop amod punct nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case det obl nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root Be AUX careful ADJ : PUNCT statistics NOUN can AUX be AUX shown VERB in ADP a DET way NOUN that PRON misleads VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 2 careful cop 2 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 4 statistics amod 3 : : PUNCT _ 2 careful punct 4 statistics statistic NOUN Number=Plur 7 shown nsubj:pass 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 shown aux 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 shown aux:pass 7 shown show VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 way case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 way det 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing 7 shown obl 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 misleads nsubj 12 misleads mislead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 way acl:relcl 13 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 misleads obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 shown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is infinitive careful property tree rules 2 show can · passive careful statistics in a way vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: subject=Patient in way=Topic 3 mislead present a way you vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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