straiten Who acts: they, straitened circumstances, family, people, war, old story · What happens: straiten, be, limit, have, mean, close · To what, where: little money, factory, straitened circumstances, village, clothes, new ones · Speech: someone speaks here
«straiten» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: straiten in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To straiten is to make someone poorer or to limit what they have.
mark csubj cop mark obj xcomp cc mark conj obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root To PART straiten VERB is AUX to PART make VERB someone PRON poorer ADJ or CCONJ to PART limit VERB what PRON they PRON have VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 straiten mark 2 straiten straiten VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make cop 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 make obj 7 poorer poor ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 make xcomp 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 limit cc 9 to to PART _ 10 limit mark 10 limit limit VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make conj 11 what what PRON PronType=Int 10 limit obj 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 have nsubj 13 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 what acl:relcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 straiten to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present make, poor property tree rules 3 limit to-infinitive vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer what=Patient 4 have present they vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.
To straiten is to make something narrow or tight.
mark csubj cop mark obj amod cc conj punct root To PART straiten VERB is AUX to PART make VERB something PRON narrow ADJ or CCONJ tight ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 straiten mark 2 straiten straiten VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make cop 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 make obj 7 narrow narrow ADJ Degree=Pos 6 something amod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 tight cc 9 tight tight ADJ Degree=Pos 7 narrow conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 straiten to-infinitive tree rules 2 is present make property tree rules
Meaning 3 «In straitened circumstances» (formal) means having very little money.
punct case amod nsubj punct punct nsubj punct ccomp advmod amod obj punct root « PUNCT In ADP straitened VERB circumstances NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT means VERB having VERB very ADV little ADJ money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 9 means punct 2 In in ADP _ 4 circumstances case 3 straitened straiten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 circumstances amod 4 circumstances circumstance NOUN Number=Plur 9 means nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 circumstances punct 6 ( ( PUNCT _ 7 formal punct 7 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 9 means nsubj 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 formal punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 means ccomp 11 very very ADV _ 12 little advmod 12 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 13 money amod 13 money money NOUN Number=Sing 10 having obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 straiten in a quote participle tree rules 2 mean present straitened circumstances vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 have gerund little money vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient
Example 1 After the factory closed, the family lived in straitened circumstances.
case det obl acl punct det nsubj case amod obl punct root After ADP the DET factory NOUN closed VERB , PUNCT the DET family NOUN lived VERB in ADP straitened VERB circumstances NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 factory case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 factory det 3 factory factory NOUN Number=Sing 8 lived obl 4 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 factory acl 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 factory punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 family det 7 family family NOUN Number=Sing 8 lived nsubj 8 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 in in ADP _ 11 circumstances case 10 straitened straiten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 circumstances amod 11 circumstances circumstance NOUN Number=Plur 8 lived obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close participle the factory not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 live past the family straitened circumstances after the factory vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in circumstance=Location 3 straiten participle tree rules
Example 2 The village was straitened by the long winter.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det amod obl punct root The DET village NOUN was AUX straitened VERB by ADP the DET long ADJ winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 village det 2 village village NOUN Number=Sing 4 straitened nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 straitened aux:pass 4 straitened straiten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 8 winter case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 winter det 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 winter amod 8 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 4 straitened obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 straitened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 straiten past · passive the village winter tree rules
Example 3 In straitened times, people mend their clothes instead of buying new ones.
case amod obl punct nsubj nmod:poss obj mark fixed advcl amod obj punct root In ADP straitened VERB times NOUN , PUNCT people NOUN mend VERB their PRON clothes NOUN instead ADV of ADP buying VERB new ADJ ones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 times case 2 straitened straiten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 times amod 3 times time NOUN Number=Plur 6 mend obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 times punct 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 mend nsubj 6 mend mend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 clothes nmod:poss 8 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 6 mend obj 9 instead instead ADV ExtPos=SCONJ 11 buying mark 10 of of ADP _ 9 instead fixed 11 buying buy VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 mend advcl 12 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 13 ones amod 13 ones one NOUN Number=Plur 11 buying obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 mend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 straiten participle tree rules 2 mend present people people's clothes time tree rules 3 buy gerund people not said here new ones vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme
Example 4 The war straitened the whole country.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET war NOUN straitened VERB the DET whole ADJ country NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 war det 2 war war NOUN Number=Sing 3 straitened nsubj 3 straitened straiten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 country det 5 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 6 country amod 6 country country NOUN Number=Sing 3 straitened obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 straitened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 straiten past the war the whole country tree rules
Example 5 The old story tells of a widow in straitened circumstances who shared her last loaf.
The tree, 15 words det amod nsubj case det obl case amod obl nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss amod obj punct root The DET old ADJ story NOUN tells VERB of ADP a DET widow NOUN in ADP straitened VERB circumstances NOUN who PRON shared VERB her PRON last ADJ loaf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 story amod 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 4 tells nsubj 4 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 widow case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 widow det 7 widow widow NOUN Number=Sing 4 tells obl 8 in in ADP _ 10 circumstances case 9 straitened straiten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 circumstances amod 10 circumstances circumstance NOUN Number=Plur 4 tells obl 11 who who PRON PronType=Rel 12 shared nsubj 12 shared share VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 circumstances acl:relcl 13 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 loaf nmod:poss 14 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 15 loaf amod 15 loaf loaf NOUN Number=Sing 12 shared obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present the old story straitened circumstances of a widow vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 straiten participle tree rules 3 share past straitened circumstances story's last loaf tree rules
Example 6 The school's straitened budget meant fewer trips.
det nmod:poss case amod nsubj amod obj punct root The DET school NOUN 's PART straitened VERB budget NOUN meant VERB fewer ADJ trips NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 school det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 5 budget nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 school case 4 straitened straiten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 budget amod 5 budget budget NOUN Number=Sing 6 meant nsubj 6 meant mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 trips amod 8 trips trip NOUN Number=Plur 6 meant obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 meant punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 straiten participle tree rules 2 mean past the school's straitened budget fewer trips vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trip=Topic 3 budget the school nom budget «possession intransitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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