struggle Who acts: struggle, I, Getting, cat, Plants, He · What happens: struggle, mean, try, do, fight, twist · To what, where: something, body, hard effort, baby bird, egg, struggle · Speech: someone speaks here
«struggle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: struggle in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To struggle means to try very hard to do something difficult.
mark csubj mark ccomp advmod xcomp mark xcomp obj amod punct root To PART struggle VERB means VERB to PART try VERB very ADV hard ADJ to PART do VERB something PRON difficult ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 struggle mark 2 struggle struggle VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 try mark 5 try try VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means ccomp 6 very very ADV _ 7 hard advmod 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 5 try xcomp 8 to to PART _ 9 do mark 9 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 hard xcomp 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 do obj 11 difficult difficult ADJ Degree=Pos 10 something amod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle to-infinitive vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 try not said to happen to-infinitive hard property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To struggle means to fight or twist your body to get free.
mark csubj mark xcomp cc conj nmod:poss obj mark advcl xcomp punct root To PART struggle VERB means VERB to PART fight VERB or CCONJ twist VERB your PRON body NOUN to PART get VERB free ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 struggle mark 2 struggle struggle VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 fight mark 5 fight fight VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 twist cc 7 twist twist VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 fight conj 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 body nmod:poss 9 body body NOUN Number=Sing 7 twist obj 10 to to PART _ 11 get mark 11 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 twist advcl 12 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 11 get xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle to-infinitive vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 fight not said to happen to-infinitive vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 twist infinitive your body vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent body=Theme 5 get to-infinitive free property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 A struggle is a hard effort or a fight.
det nsubj cop det amod cc det conj punct root A DET struggle NOUN is AUX a DET hard ADJ effort NOUN or CCONJ a DET fight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 struggle det 2 struggle struggle NOUN Number=Sing 6 effort nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 effort cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 effort det 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 effort amod 6 effort effort NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 fight cc 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 fight det 9 fight fight NOUN Number=Sing 6 effort conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 effort punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a struggle a hard effort or a fight tree rules
Example 1 I struggled with my long division at first.
nsubj case nmod:poss amod obl case obl punct root I PRON struggled VERB with ADP my PRON long ADJ division NOUN at ADP first ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 struggled nsubj 2 struggled struggle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 6 division case 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 division nmod:poss 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 division amod 6 division division NOUN Number=Sing 2 struggled obl 7 at at ADP _ 8 first case 8 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 2 struggled obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 struggled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle past I with my long division vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with division=Co-Agent
Example 2 The baby bird struggled to get out of its egg.
det compound acl mark advcl case case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET baby NOUN bird NOUN struggled VERB to PART get VERB out ADP of ADP its PRON egg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bird det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 bird compound 3 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 struggled struggle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 bird acl 5 to to PART _ 6 get mark 6 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 struggled advcl 7 out out ADP _ 10 egg case 8 of of ADP _ 10 egg case 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 egg nmod:poss 10 egg egg NOUN Number=Sing 6 get obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle participle the baby bird not said here vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 get out to-infinitive bird's egg tree rules
Example 3 Getting up early on Monday is a struggle.
csubj compound:prt advmod case obl cop det punct root Getting VERB up ADP early ADV on ADP Monday PROPN is AUX a DET struggle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 struggle csubj 2 up up ADP _ 1 Getting compound:prt 3 early early ADV Degree=Pos 1 Getting advmod 4 on on ADP _ 5 Monday case 5 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 1 Getting obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 struggle cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 struggle det 8 struggle struggle NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 struggle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get up gerund monday early property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 is a present Getting a struggle tree rules
Example 4 The cat struggled out of my arms.
det nsubj case case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET cat NOUN struggled VERB out ADP of ADP my PRON arms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 struggled nsubj 3 struggled struggle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADP _ 7 arms case 5 of of ADP _ 7 arms case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 arms nmod:poss 7 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 3 struggled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 struggled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle past the cat my arms vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Plants struggle to grow in the desert.
nsubj mark xcomp case det obl punct root Plants NOUN struggle VERB to PART grow VERB in ADP the DET desert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 struggle nsubj 2 struggle struggle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 grow mark 4 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 struggle xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 desert case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 desert det 7 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 4 grow obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 struggle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle present Plants tree rules 2 grow to-infinitive Plants not said here the desert vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in desert=Location
Example 6 He was struggling to carry the heavy box, so I helped.
nsubj aux mark xcomp det amod obj punct advmod nsubj conj punct root He PRON was AUX struggling VERB to PART carry VERB the DET heavy ADJ box NOUN , PUNCT so ADV I PRON helped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 struggling nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 struggling aux 3 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 to to PART _ 5 carry mark 5 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 struggling xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 box det 7 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 8 box amod 8 box box NOUN Number=Sing 5 carry obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 helped punct 10 so so ADV _ 12 helped advmod 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 helped nsubj 12 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 struggling conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 struggling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle past · progressive He tree rules 2 carry to-infinitive He not said here the heavy box vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Theme 3 help past I vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 7 If you see someone struggling in the water, shout for a lifeguard.
mark nsubj advcl obj acl case det obl punct case det obl punct root If SCONJ you PRON see VERB someone PRON struggling VERB in ADP the DET water NOUN , PUNCT shout VERB for ADP a DET lifeguard NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 see mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 see nsubj 3 see see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 shout advcl 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 see obj 5 struggling struggle VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 someone acl 6 in in ADP _ 8 water case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 water det 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 struggling obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 3 see punct 10 shout shout VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 11 for for ADP _ 13 lifeguard case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 lifeguard det 13 lifeguard lifeguard NOUN Number=Sing 10 shout obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 shout punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see a condition, not said to happen present you someone vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus 2 struggle gerund the water vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 shout speech: express imperative you not said here for a lifeguard vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for lifeguard=Recipient
Example 8 The struggle began, and a terrible struggle it was.
det nsubj punct cc det amod obl nsubj acl:relcl punct root The DET struggle NOUN began VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ a DET terrible ADJ struggle NOUN it PRON was AUX . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 struggle det 2 struggle struggle NOUN Number=Sing 3 began nsubj 3 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 struggle punct 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 struggle cc 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 struggle det 7 terrible terrible ADJ Degree=Pos 8 struggle amod 8 struggle struggle NOUN Number=Sing 3 began obl 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 was nsubj 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 struggle acl:relcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past the struggle a terrible struggle vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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