struggling Who acts: that, Struggling, bird, people, I, swimmer · What happens: struggle, mean, try, do, be, fight · To what, where: something, body, net, people, ring, box · Speech: someone speaks here
«struggling» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: struggling in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Struggling means trying very hard to do something that is difficult («struggling with maths»).
The tree, 14 words nsubj xcomp advmod xcomp mark xcomp obj nsubj cop amod punct punct parataxis case obl punct punct punct root Struggling VERB means VERB trying VERB very ADV hard ADJ to PART do VERB something PRON that PRON is AUX difficult ADJ ( PUNCT « PUNCT struggling VERB with ADP maths NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Struggling struggle VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 trying try VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 very very ADV _ 5 hard advmod 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 3 trying xcomp 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 hard xcomp 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 do obj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 difficult nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 difficult cop 11 difficult difficult ADJ Degree=Pos 8 something amod 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 struggling punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 struggling punct 14 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 difficult parataxis 15 with with ADP _ 16 maths case 16 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 14 struggling obl 17 » » PUNCT _ 14 struggling punct 18 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 hard punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle gerund vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 try not said to happen gerund hard property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 5 is present that difficult property tree rules 6 struggle in a quote gerund with maths vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with math=Co-Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Struggling means fighting or twisting your body to get free («The bird was struggling in the net»).
The tree, 17 words nsubj xcomp cc conj nmod:poss obj mark advcl xcomp punct punct det nsubj aux conj case det obl punct punct punct root Struggling NOUN means VERB fighting VERB or CCONJ twisting VERB your PRON body NOUN to PART get VERB free ADJ ( PUNCT « PUNCT The DET bird NOUN was AUX struggling VERB in ADP the DET net NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Struggling struggling NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 fighting fight VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 twisting cc 5 twisting twist VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 fighting conj 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 body nmod:poss 7 body body NOUN Number=Sing 5 twisting obj 8 to to PART _ 9 get mark 9 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 twisting advcl 10 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 9 get xcomp 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 16 struggling punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 16 struggling punct 13 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 bird det 14 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 16 struggling nsubj 15 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 struggling aux 16 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 fighting conj 17 in in ADP _ 19 net case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 net det 19 net net NOUN Number=Sing 16 struggling obl 20 » » PUNCT _ 16 struggling punct 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 16 struggling punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Struggling vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 fight not said to happen gerund Struggling not said here vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 twist gerund Struggling not said here your body vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent body=Theme 4 get to-infinitive Struggling not said here free property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 5 struggle in a quote past · progressive the bird the net vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 As an adjective, struggling describes people or things having a hard time, such as a struggling business or team.
The tree, 19 words case det obl punct nsubj obj cc conj acl det amod obj punct case fixed det amod parataxis cc conj punct root As ADP an DET adjective NOUN , PUNCT struggling VERB describes VERB people NOUN or CCONJ things NOUN having VERB a DET hard ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET struggling VERB business NOUN or CCONJ team NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 adjective case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 adjective det 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 6 describes obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 5 struggling struggle VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 describes nsubj 6 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 describes obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 things cc 9 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 7 people conj 10 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 people acl 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 time det 12 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 13 time amod 13 time time NOUN Number=Sing 10 having obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 19 business punct 15 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 19 business case 16 as as ADP _ 15 such fixed 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 business det 18 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 19 business amod 19 business business NOUN Number=Sing 13 time parataxis 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 team cc 21 team team NOUN Number=Sing 19 business conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle gerund vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 describe present people or things as a adjective vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent people=Theme as adjective=Attribute 3 have gerund people or things not said here time vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 struggle gerund vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 I'm struggling with my long division.
nsubj aux case nmod:poss amod obl punct root I PRON 'm AUX struggling VERB with ADP my PRON long ADJ division NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 struggling nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 struggling aux 3 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 with with ADP _ 7 division case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 division nmod:poss 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 division amod 7 division division NOUN Number=Sing 3 struggling obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 struggling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle present · progressive I with my long division vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with division=Co-Agent
Example 2 The swimmer was struggling, so the lifeguard threw a ring.
det nsubj aux punct advmod det nsubj conj det obj punct root The DET swimmer NOUN was AUX struggling VERB , PUNCT so ADV the DET lifeguard NOUN threw VERB a DET ring NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 swimmer det 2 swimmer swimmer NOUN Number=Sing 4 struggling nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 struggling aux 4 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 threw punct 6 so so ADV _ 9 threw advmod 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lifeguard det 8 lifeguard lifeguard NOUN Number=Sing 9 threw nsubj 9 threw throw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 struggling conj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 ring det 11 ring ring NOUN Number=Sing 9 threw obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 struggling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle past · progressive the swimmer vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 throw past the lifeguard a ring vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Theme
Example 3 The cat was struggling to get out of the box.
det nsubj aux mark xcomp case case det obl punct root The DET cat NOUN was AUX struggling VERB to PART get VERB out ADP of ADP the DET box NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 4 struggling nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 struggling aux 4 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 to to PART _ 6 get mark 6 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 struggling xcomp 7 out out ADP _ 10 box case 8 of of ADP _ 10 box case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 box det 10 box box NOUN Number=Sing 6 get obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 struggling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle past · progressive the cat tree rules 2 get out to-infinitive the cat not said here the box tree rules
Example 4 He is struggling to make friends at his new school.
nsubj aux mark xcomp obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root He PRON is AUX struggling VERB to PART make VERB friends NOUN at ADP his PRON new ADJ school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 struggling nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 struggling aux 3 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 struggling xcomp 6 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 5 make obj 7 at at ADP _ 10 school case 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 school nmod:poss 9 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 10 school amod 10 school school NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 struggling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle present · progressive He tree rules 2 make to-infinitive He not said here friends his new school vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset friend=Product
Example 5 They were struggling up the steep hill on their bikes.
nsubj aux compound:prt det amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root They PRON were AUX struggling VERB up ADP the DET steep ADJ hill NOUN on ADP their PRON bikes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 struggling nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 struggling aux 3 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 struggling compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hill det 6 steep steep ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hill amod 7 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 3 struggling obj 8 on on ADP _ 10 bikes case 9 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 bikes nmod:poss 10 bikes bike NOUN Number=Plur 7 hill nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 struggling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle up past · progressive They the steep hill their bikes tree rules
Example 6 If you are struggling, ask for help.
mark nsubj aux advcl punct case obl punct root If SCONJ you PRON are AUX struggling VERB , PUNCT ask VERB for ADP help NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 struggling mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 struggling nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 struggling aux 4 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 ask advcl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 struggling punct 6 ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 for for ADP _ 8 help case 8 help help NOUN Number=Sing 6 ask obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle a condition, not said to happen present · progressive you vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here for help vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 The struggling shop closed last month.
det compound nsubj amod obl:unmarked punct root The DET struggling NOUN shop NOUN closed VERB last ADJ month NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 shop det 2 struggling struggling NOUN Number=Sing 3 shop compound 3 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 4 closed nsubj 4 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 6 month amod 6 month month NOUN Number=Sing 4 closed obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 closed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close participle the struggling shop month vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 8 The fly was struggling in the spider's web.
det nsubj aux case det nmod:poss case obl punct root The DET fly NOUN was AUX struggling VERB in ADP the DET spider NOUN 's PART web NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fly det 2 fly fly NOUN Number=Sing 4 struggling nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 struggling aux 4 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 in in ADP _ 9 web case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 spider det 7 spider spider NOUN Number=Sing 9 web nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 spider case 9 web web NOUN Number=Sing 4 struggling obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 struggling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle past · progressive the fly the spider's web vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 Then suddenly a dove was struggling in her arms, and almost flew away.
The tree, 13 words advmod advmod det nsubj aux case nmod:poss obl punct cc advmod conj advmod punct root Then ADV suddenly ADV a DET dove NOUN was AUX struggling VERB in ADP her PRON arms NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ almost ADV flew VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 6 struggling advmod 2 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 6 struggling advmod 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 dove det 4 dove dove NOUN Number=Sing 6 struggling nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 struggling aux 6 struggling struggle VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 arms case 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 arms nmod:poss 9 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 6 struggling obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 flew punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 flew cc 12 almost almost ADV _ 13 flew advmod 13 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 struggling conj 14 away away ADV _ 13 flew advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 struggling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 struggle past · progressive a dove dove's arms then suddenly property vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 fly away past a dove not said here almost, away property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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