studied Who acts: We, She, her, detective, He, Scientists · What happens: study, be, learn, read, practise, look · To what, where: Studied past, study, purpose, water cycle, footprints, map
«studied» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: studied in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Studied is the past of study: learned about something, read or practised to learn it.
The tree, 15 words amod cop det case nmod punct parataxis case obl punct acl cc conj mark advcl obj punct root Studied VERB is AUX the DET past NOUN of ADP study NOUN : PUNCT learned VERB about ADP something PRON , PUNCT read VERB or CCONJ practised VERB to PART learn VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Studied study VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 past amod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 past cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 past det 4 past past NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 study case 6 study study NOUN Number=Sing 4 past nmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 8 learned punct 8 learned learn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 past parataxis 9 about about ADP _ 10 something case 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 learned obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 read punct 12 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 something acl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 practised cc 14 practised practise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 learned conj 15 to to PART _ 16 learn mark 16 learn learn VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 practised advcl 17 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 learn obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 past punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study participle vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present the Studied past of study tree rules 3 learn participle about something vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about something=Topic 4 read infinitive vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 practise participle tree rules 6 learn to-infinitive study vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Studied can mean looked at something carefully for a long time.
advcl aux aux:pass case obl advmod case det amod obl punct root Studied VERB can AUX mean VERB looked VERB at ADP something PRON carefully ADV for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Studied study VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 looked advcl 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 looked aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 looked aux:pass 4 looked look VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 at at ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 looked obl 7 carefully carefully ADV _ 6 something advmod 8 for for ADP _ 11 time case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 time det 10 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 11 time amod 11 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 looked obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study participle vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 look can · passive time at something vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: at something=Theme
Meaning 3 As a rare adjective, studied means done on purpose and carefully planned, not natural.
The tree, 14 words case det amod obl punct nsubj xcomp case obl cc advmod conj punct advmod conj punct root As ADP a DET rare ADJ adjective NOUN , PUNCT studied VERB means VERB done VERB on ADP purpose NOUN and CCONJ carefully ADV planned VERB , PUNCT not PART natural ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 4 adjective case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 adjective det 3 rare rare ADJ Degree=Pos 4 adjective amod 4 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 7 means obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 adjective punct 6 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 means nsubj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 means xcomp 9 on on ADP _ 10 purpose case 10 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 8 done obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 planned cc 12 carefully carefully ADV _ 13 planned advmod 13 planned plan VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 done conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 natural punct 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 natural advmod 16 natural natural ADJ Degree=Pos 13 planned conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study past vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present as a rare adjective vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 do not said to happen participle purpose vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 plan participle carefully property vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 1 We studied the water cycle last term.
nsubj det compound obj amod obl:unmarked punct root We PRON studied VERB the DET water NOUN cycle NOUN last ADJ term NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 studied nsubj 2 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cycle det 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 cycle compound 5 cycle cycle NOUN Number=Sing 2 studied obj 6 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 7 term amod 7 term term NOUN Number=Sing 2 studied obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 studied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study past We the water cycle last term obl:unmarked vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cycle=Topic
Example 2 She studied hard for her spelling test.
nsubj advmod case nmod:poss compound obl punct root She PRON studied VERB hard ADV for ADP her PRON spelling NOUN test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 studied nsubj 2 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 2 studied advmod 4 for for ADP _ 7 test case 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 test nmod:poss 6 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 7 test compound 7 test test NOUN Number=Sing 2 studied obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 studied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study past She for her spelling test; hard property vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for test=Attribute 2 test her = she nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The detective studied the footprints.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET detective NOUN studied VERB the DET footprints NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 detective det 2 detective detective NOUN Number=Sing 3 studied nsubj 3 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 footprints det 5 footprints footprint NOUN Number=Plur 3 studied obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 studied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study past the detective the footprints vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footprint=Topic
Example 4 He studied the map before the hike.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root He PRON studied VERB the DET map NOUN before ADP the DET hike NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 studied nsubj 2 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 map det 4 map map NOUN Number=Sing 2 studied obj 5 before before ADP _ 7 hike case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hike det 7 hike hike NOUN Number=Sing 2 studied obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 studied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study past He the map before the hike vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Topic
Example 5 Scientists have studied whales for many years.
nsubj aux obj case amod obl punct root Scientists NOUN have AUX studied VERB whales NOUN for ADP many ADJ years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 studied nsubj 2 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 studied aux 3 studied study VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 3 studied obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 years case 6 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 years amod 7 years year NOUN Number=Plur 3 studied obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 studied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present · perfect Scientists whales year vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Topic
Example 6 I studied the menu but couldn't choose.
nsubj det obj cc aux advmod conj punct root I PRON studied VERB the DET menu NOUN but CCONJ could AUX n't PART choose VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 studied nsubj 2 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 menu det 4 menu menu NOUN Number=Sing 2 studied obj 5 but but CCONJ _ 8 choose cc 6 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 choose aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 choose advmod 8 choose choose VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 studied conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 studied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study past I the menu vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent menu=Topic 2 not choose could I not said here vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Have you studied your times tables?
aux nsubj nmod:poss compound obj punct root Have AUX you PRON studied VERB your PRON times NOUN tables NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 studied aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 studied nsubj 3 studied study VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 tables nmod:poss 5 times time NOUN Number=Plur 6 tables compound 6 tables table NOUN Number=Plur 3 studied obj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 studied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present · perfect you your times tables vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Topic
Example 8 In the evening the Marionette studied by lamplight.
case det obl det nsubj case obl punct root In ADP the DET evening NOUN the DET Marionette PROPN studied VERB by ADP lamplight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 evening case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 evening det 3 evening evening NOUN Number=Sing 6 studied obl 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Marionette det 5 Marionette Marionette PROPN Number=Sing 6 studied nsubj 6 studied study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 by by ADP _ 8 lamplight case 8 lamplight lamplight NOUN Number=Sing 6 studied obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 studied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study past the Marionette evening by lamplight vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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