stumble Who acts: I, He, She, We, you, nobody · What happens: stumble, be, fall, walk, run, stop · To what, where: something, stairs, tree root, long word, woods, tired hiker · Speech: someone speaks here
«stumble» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stumble in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To stumble is to trip and almost fall when walking or running.
mark csubj cop mark cc advmod conj advmod obl cc conj punct root To PART stumble VERB is AUX to PART trip VERB and CCONJ almost ADV fall VERB when ADV walking VERB or CCONJ running VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 stumble mark 2 stumble stumble VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 trip csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 trip cop 4 to to PART _ 5 trip mark 5 trip trip VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 fall cc 7 almost almost ADV _ 8 fall advmod 8 fall fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 trip conj 9 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 walking advmod 10 walking walk VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 fall obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 running cc 12 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 walking conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 trip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stumble to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present trip property tree rules 3 fall present almost property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 walk gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 run gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To stumble is to make mistakes or stop when speaking or reading aloud.
mark csubj cop mark obj cc conj advmod xcomp cc conj advmod punct root To PART stumble VERB is AUX to PART make VERB mistakes NOUN or CCONJ stop VERB when ADV speaking VERB or CCONJ reading VERB aloud ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 stumble mark 2 stumble stumble VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 make csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make cop 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 mistakes mistake NOUN Number=Plur 5 make obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 stop cc 8 stop stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make conj 9 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 speaking advmod 10 speaking speak VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 stop xcomp 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 reading cc 12 reading read VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 speaking conj 13 aloud aloud ADV _ 12 reading advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stumble to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present make property tree rules 3 stop present vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 4 speak speech: other gerund vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 read gerund aloud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To stumble on or across something is to find it by chance.
mark advcl case cc conj obl cop mark obj case obl punct root To PART stumble VERB on ADP or CCONJ across ADP something PRON is AUX to PART find VERB it PRON by ADP chance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 stumble mark 2 stumble stumble VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 find advcl 3 on on ADP _ 6 something case 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 across cc 5 across across ADP _ 3 on conj 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 stumble obl 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 find cop 8 to to PART _ 9 find mark 9 find find VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 find obj 11 by by ADP _ 12 chance case 12 chance chance NOUN Number=Sing 9 find obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 find punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stumble to-infinitive something vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on something=Trajectory 2 is present by chance; find property tree rules
Example 1 I stumbled on the stairs but didn't fall.
nsubj case det obl cc aux advmod conj punct root I PRON stumbled VERB on ADP the DET stairs NOUN but CCONJ did AUX n't PART fall VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 stumbled nsubj 2 stumbled stumble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 stairs case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stairs det 5 stairs stair NOUN Number=Plur 2 stumbled obl 6 but but CCONJ _ 9 fall cc 7 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 fall aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 fall advmod 9 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 stumbled conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 stumbled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stumble past I the stairs vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on stair=Trajectory 2 not fall past · do-support I not said here vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 He stumbled over a tree root in the dark.
nsubj case det compound obl case det obl punct root He PRON stumbled VERB over ADP a DET tree NOUN root NOUN in ADP the DET dark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stumbled nsubj 2 stumbled stumble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 over over ADP _ 6 root case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 root det 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 6 root compound 6 root root NOUN Number=Sing 2 stumbled obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 dark case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 dark det 9 dark dark NOUN Number=Sing 2 stumbled obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 stumbled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stumble past He a tree root in the dark vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over root=Trajectory
Example 3 She stumbled over the long word when reading aloud.
nsubj case det amod obl advmod advcl advmod punct root She PRON stumbled VERB over ADP the DET long ADJ word NOUN when ADV reading VERB aloud ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stumbled nsubj 2 stumbled stumble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 over over ADP _ 6 word case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 word det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 word amod 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing 2 stumbled obl 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 reading advmod 8 reading read VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 stumbled advcl 9 aloud aloud ADV _ 8 reading advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 stumbled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stumble past She the long word vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over word=Trajectory 2 read gerund She not said here aloud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 We stumbled upon a hidden path in the woods.
nsubj case det amod obl case det obl punct root We PRON stumbled VERB upon ADP a DET hidden ADJ path NOUN in ADP the DET woods NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 stumbled nsubj 2 stumbled stumble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 upon upon ADP _ 6 path case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 path det 5 hidden hidden ADJ Degree=Pos 6 path amod 6 path path NOUN Number=Sing 2 stumbled obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 woods case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 woods det 9 woods wood NOUN Number=Plur 2 stumbled obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 stumbled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stumble past We the woods upon a hidden path vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon path=Trajectory
Example 5 The tired hiker stumbled into camp.
det amod acl case obl punct root The DET tired ADJ hiker NOUN stumbled VERB into ADP camp NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 hiker det 2 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos 3 hiker amod 3 hiker hiker NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 stumbled stumble VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 hiker acl 5 into into ADP _ 6 camp case 6 camp camp NOUN Number=Sing 4 stumbled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 hiker punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stumble participle the tired hiker not said here camp vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into camp=Destination
Example 6 Pick up your toys so nobody stumbles.
compound:prt nmod:poss obj advmod nsubj advcl punct root Pick VERB up ADP your PRON toys NOUN so ADV nobody PRON stumbles VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pick pick VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Pick compound:prt 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 toys nmod:poss 4 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 1 Pick obj 5 so so ADV _ 7 stumbles advmod 6 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 7 stumbles nsubj 7 stumbles stumble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Pick advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Pick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick up imperative you not said here your toys vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Topic 2 stumble present nobody vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 The horse stumbled but kept running.
det nsubj cc conj xcomp punct root The DET horse NOUN stumbled VERB but CCONJ kept VERB running VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 horse det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 stumbled nsubj 3 stumbled stumble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 but but CCONJ _ 5 kept cc 5 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 stumbled conj 6 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 kept xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 stumbled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stumble past the horse vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 keep past the horse not said here tree rules 3 run gerund the horse not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 Soon he stumbled upon thickly strewn dry willow sticks.
advmod nsubj case amod amod amod compound obl punct root Soon ADV he PRON stumbled VERB upon ADP thickly ADJ strewn ADJ dry ADJ willow NOUN sticks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soon soon ADV Degree=Pos 3 stumbled advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 stumbled nsubj 3 stumbled stumble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 upon upon ADP _ 9 sticks case 5 thickly thickly ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sticks amod 6 strewn strewn ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sticks amod 7 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sticks amod 8 willow willow NOUN Number=Sing 9 sticks compound 9 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur 3 stumbled obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 stumbled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stumble past he thickly strewn dry willow sticks soon property vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon stick=Trajectory
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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