stump Who acts: stump, stumps, three upright sticks, they, We, you · What happens: be, leave, cut down, wear, cut, make · To what, where: short part, tree trunk, ground, tree, three upright sticks, cricket
«stump» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stump in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A stump is the short part of a tree trunk left in the ground after the tree is cut down.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det amod case det compound nmod acl case det obl mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl compound:prt punct root A DET stump NOUN is AUX the DET short ADJ part NOUN of ADP a DET tree NOUN trunk NOUN left VERB in ADP the DET ground NOUN after SCONJ the DET tree NOUN is AUX cut VERB down ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 stump det 2 stump stump NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 part det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 6 part amod 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 10 trunk case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 trunk det 9 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 10 trunk compound 10 trunk trunk NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nmod 11 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 trunk acl 12 in in ADP _ 14 ground case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 ground det 14 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 11 left obl 15 after after SCONJ _ 19 cut mark 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 tree det 17 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 19 cut nsubj:pass 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 cut aux:pass 19 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 left advcl 20 down down ADP _ 19 cut compound:prt 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a stump the short part of a tree trunk tree rules 2 leave participle a tree trunk not said here in the ground result vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in ground=Result 3 cut down present · passive the tree vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A stump is the short part left of something worn or cut, like a pencil stump or the stump of a leg.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case obl acl cc conj punct case det compound obl cc det conj case det nmod punct root A DET stump NOUN is AUX the DET short ADJ part NOUN left VERB of ADP something PRON worn VERB or CCONJ cut VERB , PUNCT like ADP a DET pencil NOUN stump NOUN or CCONJ the DET stump NOUN of ADP a DET leg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 stump det 2 stump stump NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 part det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 6 part amod 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 part acl 8 of of ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 left obl 10 worn wear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 something acl 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 cut cc 12 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 worn conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 stump punct 14 like like ADP _ 17 stump case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 stump det 16 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 17 stump compound 17 stump stump NOUN Number=Sing 10 worn obl 18 or or CCONJ _ 20 stump cc 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 stump det 20 stump stump NOUN Number=Sing 17 stump conj 21 of of ADP _ 23 leg case 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 leg det 23 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 20 stump nmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 6 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a stump the short part tree rules 2 leave participle the short part not said here of something vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme of something=Initial_Location 3 wear participle like a pencil stump or the stump of a leg vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent 4 cut participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 In cricket, the stumps are the three upright sticks that make the wicket.
The tree, 13 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det nummod amod nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root In ADP cricket NOUN , PUNCT the DET stumps NOUN are AUX the DET three NUM upright ADJ sticks NOUN that PRON make VERB the DET wicket NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 cricket case 2 cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 10 sticks obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 cricket punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stumps det 5 stumps stump NOUN Number=Plur 10 sticks nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 sticks cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 sticks det 8 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 sticks nummod 9 upright upright ADJ Degree=Pos 10 sticks amod 10 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur root root 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 make nsubj 12 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 sticks acl:relcl 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 wicket det 14 wicket wicket NOUN Number=Sing 12 make obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 sticks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the stumps the three upright sticks cricket tree rules 2 make present the three upright sticks the wicket vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wicket=Product
Meaning 4 To stump someone is to ask them something so hard they cannot answer.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl obj cop mark iobj obj advmod ccomp nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root To PART stump VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART ask VERB them PRON something PRON so ADV hard ADV they PRON can AUX not PART answer VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 stump mark 2 stump stump VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 ask advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 stump obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 ask cop 5 to to PART _ 6 ask mark 6 ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 ask iobj 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 ask obj 9 so so ADV _ 10 hard advmod 10 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 6 ask ccomp 11 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 answer nsubj 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 answer aux 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 answer advmod 14 answer answer VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 hard acl:relcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stump to-infinitive someone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer 2 is present them = they ask property tree rules 3 not answer speech: assert can they vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 To stump is to walk with heavy, stamping steps.
mark csubj cop mark case amod punct amod obl punct root To PART stump VERB is AUX to PART walk VERB with ADP heavy ADJ , PUNCT stamping VERB steps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 stump mark 2 stump stump VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 walk csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 walk cop 4 to to PART _ 5 walk mark 5 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 with with ADP _ 10 steps case 7 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 steps amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 heavy punct 9 stamping stamp VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 steps amod 10 steps step NOUN Number=Plur 5 walk obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stump to-infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 is present with heavy stamping steps; walk property tree rules 3 stamp gerund vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 We sat on an old tree stump to eat lunch.
nsubj case det amod compound obl mark advcl obj punct root We PRON sat VERB on ADP an DET old ADJ tree NOUN stump NOUN to PART eat VERB lunch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 7 stump case 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 stump det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stump amod 6 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 7 stump compound 7 stump stump NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 8 to to PART _ 9 eat mark 9 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 sat advcl 10 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 9 eat obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past We a old tree stump vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on stump=Location 2 eat to-infinitive We not said here lunch vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient
Example 2 Count the rings on the stump to find the tree's age.
det obj case det obl mark advcl det nmod:poss case obj punct root Count VERB the DET rings NOUN on ADP the DET stump NOUN to PART find VERB the DET tree NOUN 's PART age NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Count count VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 rings det 3 rings ring NOUN Number=Plur 1 Count obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 stump case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stump det 6 stump stump NOUN Number=Sing 1 Count obl 7 to to PART _ 8 find mark 8 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Count advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 tree det 10 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 12 age nmod:poss 11 's 's PART _ 10 tree case 12 age age NOUN Number=Sing 8 find obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Count punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count imperative you not said here the rings the stump vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Theme 2 find to-infinitive you not said here the tree's age vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Topic
Example 3 The ball knocked over the stumps, and he was out.
det nsubj acl case det obl punct cc nsubj compound:prt punct root The DET ball NOUN knocked VERB over ADP the DET stumps NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ he PRON was VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 10 was nsubj 3 knocked knock VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 ball acl 4 over over ADP _ 6 stumps case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stumps det 6 stumps stump NOUN Number=Plur 3 knocked obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 was punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 was cc 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 was nsubj 10 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 out out ADP _ 10 was compound:prt 12 . . PUNCT _ 10 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 knock participle the ball not said here the stumps vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over stump=Location 2 be out past the ball vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 That riddle stumped everyone in the class.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root That DET riddle NOUN stumped VERB everyone PRON in ADP the DET class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 riddle det 2 riddle riddle NOUN Number=Sing 3 stumped nsubj 3 stumped stump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 3 stumped obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 class case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 class det 7 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 stumped obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stumped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stump past that riddle everyone the class vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer
Example 5 I'm stumped — I have no idea!
nsubj aux:pass punct nsubj conj det obj punct root I PRON 'm AUX stumped VERB — PUNCT I PRON have VERB no DET idea NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 stumped nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 stumped aux:pass 3 stumped stump VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 — - PUNCT _ 6 have punct 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 have nsubj 6 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 stumped conj 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 8 idea det 8 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 6 have obj 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 stumped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stump present · passive I vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer 2 have present I no idea vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient
Example 6 He stumped up the stairs in a bad mood.
nsubj compound:prt det obj case det amod obl punct root He PRON stumped VERB up ADP the DET stairs NOUN in ADP a DET bad ADJ mood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stumped nsubj 2 stumped stump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 stumped compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stairs det 5 stairs stair NOUN Number=Plur 2 stumped obj 6 in in ADP _ 9 mood case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 mood det 8 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 9 mood amod 9 mood mood NOUN Number=Sing 2 stumped obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 stumped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stump up past He the stairs a bad mood vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus stair=Experiencer
Example 7 My pencil is just a stump now.
nmod:poss nsubj cop advmod det advmod punct root My PRON pencil NOUN is AUX just ADV a DET stump NOUN now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 pencil nmod:poss 2 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 6 stump nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stump cop 4 just just ADV _ 6 stump advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 stump det 6 stump stump NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 now now ADV PronType=Dem 6 stump advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 stump punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My pencil a stump now tree rules
Example 8 He came to the charred stumps.
nsubj case det amod obl punct root He PRON came VERB to ADP the DET charred VERB stumps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 6 stumps case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stumps det 5 charred char VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 stumps amod 6 stumps stump NOUN Number=Plur 2 came obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past He the charred stumps vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to stump=Initial_Location 2 char participle vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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